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CONTENTS OF VOL, VIII.
(EIGHTH SERIES.]
NUMBER 43.
I. Descriptions of some new Species of Blattide. By R. SuHet- Hoa, MLA. LS)” (Plate 1)... i... acahettg aiat eleva ete an Sic ee II. The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Ostario- physi.—1l. Cyprinoidea. By C. Tare Reaan, M.A. (Plate IL).. ILI. Some Records of Collembola new to England, with Descrip- tion of a new Species of Oncopodura. By Joun W. SHOEBOTHAM, perma (Ce ncLoor LCL yt Lub. a ane ote esd vt wieinrel eee’ s wla'e. a oe Ee iatarshey os IV. Notes on the Furficularia.—X VIII. More new Species. By MancorM URE, I. Se, Bebho. 0 A.9., PGI. ieee eeree «ue cates V. Notes on the Forjicularia—XIX. On little-known Earwigs from Formosa. By Matcoxtm Burr, D.Se., F.ELS., F.Z.8., F.G.S.. VI. Description of a new African Fish of the Genus Claritas from Rabe Rukwa. By G. A. BouULENGER, FURS... oo ices ee enes VII. Descriptions of Three new Tree-Frogs discovered by Mr. A. E. Pratt in Dutch New Guinea. Ly G. A. BouLencer, F.RS. ., VIII. Further Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea, By G. A. BOULENGER, MT A ian dnd trier cite! Manito a as cere ole releases ae teun ot eesl ay IX. On some Tipulide (Limoniine) from Ceylon in the British Museum Collection, with Descriptions of Eight new Species. By PW EDWARDS, B.A. | 60 cv ofed elasioe Cao's o's Phas, Solder! os uke X. On the Culicid Genus Evetmapodites, Theobald. By F. W. RIED ESAS 108 5 2 el aiel aacuceayuoniiciavtyniatasse. ate ea oth Gt dleteld a aves XI. On new Species of Histeride and Notices of others. By (LL EATTIS RDS Sag ere Soe Gere ae A a Lp XII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—IX. RUT RA ia da NBS taje boys hessdho\€ cfoln ore Wide a ela ad bene Oat XIII. List of small Mammals obtained by Mr. G. Fenwick Owen on the Upper Gambia and in Fouta Djallon. By OLprirtp THomas. XIV. New and interesting Mammals from East Africa, By Guy MCI MAN ta 566, a0e fd © vial we eure Pie ain a Mtn ete We Hea «
56
124
lv CONTENTS.
Page
XV. New Genera and Species of Cicadide. By W. L. Distant. 182
XVI. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera chiefly from Tropical South America. By Herbert Druce, F.L.S. &c.......
XVII. Notes on the Coleopterous Subfamily Dynastine, with Descriptions of new Genera aud Species. By GitBertr J. ARROW. SP USESS LN Wi) cele visio os «echinacea mate SAE rte 55592
XVIII. On a new Lithonine Sponge from Christmas Island. By MR KTERPATRICK ...500 oes ¥ 0 Sie ae Meias ee) Sp es cede Cees wt aia ee
XIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XXXVII. By T. D. A. CockERELL, University of Colorado ...,..... Rese Oc 3
NUMBER 44.
XX. On some Fossil Mollusca &c. from Southern Nigeria col- lected by Mr. John Parkinson, M.A. By R. ButtEn Nrwron, F.G.S.__With an Appendix, by A. Smirx Woopwarp, LL.D. &e. RESUMES MVD) oes cscs artes We Cais sD bos atesateS Hag wie sine Were ee
XXI. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—X. By W. Scuavs, F.Z.S.
XXII. Some new Algerian Lepidoptera. By the Hon. WALTER APOMASCTIED, PHADE ore tic. wre atti eiagrvicaedah oe sete er ek ee
XXII. Two new Lepidoptera from New Guinea, By the Hon. WV av TER ROTHSCHILD, PAD. © (5c g cles ieee aie heat weep ee
XXIV. A new Madagascar Arctiid. By the Hon. WaLTER BarssCHrLD, BBD. 250 sis aij «epee wives + eves Sie ones cho Bal ee
XXV. Notes from the Entomological Department of the London School of Tropical Medicine.—No. HI. Oriental Species of Stomoxys. By COrErA 1. MM. SUMMERS, MA. B.SC. cas: na cs ain see noe
XXVI. Remarks on the Classification of the Culictde, with parti-
cular reference to the Constitution of the Genus Anopheles. By A. Axcock, C.LE., M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Lt.-Colonel I.M.S. (retired) .
XXVII. New Rodents from S. America. By OLtpFireLp THomas, 2!
XXVIII, A new Termitophilous Millipede from Bengal. By LES laps oles de eat sche al stnte rape scniaies te aencee epee casas ;
TR
eevrersesase
XXIX. New West-African Rodents. By Guy Dotiman......
XXX. A new Spiny Mouse from Somaliland. By Guy Dotrman. 2
XXXI. Descriptions of new African Cyprinodont Fishes. By Cae MOOLILEN CIE, Et, 1 cs hws Cue e ee EN Mae CAN 6 Ace toe
XXXII. A new Genus of Ruteline Coleoptera from the Indian Region. By Girpert J. Arrow ....
eeeereeee ida! iis) ac8' [ele ye, eerteeen
XXXIII. On a new Species of Semnopithecus (Semnopithecus poliocephalus) from Tonkin. By E.-L. Trovrssart, Professeur au Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris. (Plate VIL)............
XXXIV. Description of a new Genus of the Coleopterous Family Buprestide. By Cuas. O, Watrreruovse, L8.0., F.E.S.
138
79
ala
XLVI. Descriptions of Three new Snakes discovered by Mr. G.
L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G, A. BouLeNGER, F.R.S. .... 8
XLVII. Descriptions of Three new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Mr. G. L. Bates in South Cameroon. By G, A. BouLENGER,
CONTENTS, Vv
Page XXXV,. The Nomenclature of the Rheas of South America. By Lorp Braspourne, F,.Z.., M.B.0.U., and C. Cuuss, F.Z.S.,
M.B.0.U., Zoological Department, British Museum ............ 273 XXXVI. Two new Species of Lepus. By R. E. Draxe-
aRPE TORE AR INT te Cuisey C1 ta cE EN 2sSe ee op Gite + one cab 0 #20) 6,6 eee! tins 275 XXXVII. On some Local Forms of Cephalophus natalensis. By
ePEER Wy ROUGE BOM sae ache Ss « «9 cate mera nae wah Oe mate ep a raters 277 XXXVIII, On the so-called new Tipulid Subfamily Cerato-
cheline, Wesche.. By F. W. Epwarps, BA... 6... eee cee es nes 279 XXXIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees —XXXVIII. By T.
D. A. CockERELL, University of Colorado «.s.....6.0ccccneeces 283 Proceedings of the Geological Society ........scecccccceres 291, 292 NUMBER 45,
XL. The Skull of Diademodon, with Notes on those of some other Cynodonts. By D. M.S. Watson, M.Sc., the Victoria University of Manchester ......... aos coin aae ee ft CGar te arn o GAO 293 XLI. New Species of Urocyclide from British East Africa. By em POLEONERA, (Plate: VERE), i oclig a ideas siete» aidicwn eae «) dal XLII. On Arvicanthis abyssinicus and allied East-African Species, with Descriptions of Four new Forms. By Guy DoLuman ...... dot XLII. On the Ruteline Coleoptera of Ceylon, with Descriptions Gn vem Species, By Giremer J. ARROW. 30s. 0 hci e beck oe cete ds 354 XLIV. Note’ on a Crayfish from New Guinea. By W. T. QPAMIRIRUNTAE ED NS CHE aryl arg spe chased hae? chave Sia Slee stove ois ooare Gian atc Meera 366 XLV. Descriptions of Two new African Barbels. By G. A. BouLENnGER, F'.R.S. ...... 2 ECR ORE OCP SORE OER rok Lei an 369
MOM ETA c/a BATA faa, SETHE: SEs ashes we ieee HO AG Su ors) ela ose. aaa cigoi'el » 372 XLVIII. On some Fishes of the Family Peciliide. By C. Tarr
Nr. ehh ns etter deen eee Pum aa ns ieee es faire ok: 373 XLIX. New African Mammals. By OtpFIELD Tuomas ... 375 L. Two new Eastern Bats, By OLpFIELD THOMAS .......... 378 LI. On a new Pedipalp from Burma. By S. Hirst .......... 380 LII. On Two new Wood-boring Beetles (Jpide). By Lieut.-Col.
NaN SOON, Bias pie sore) ppuent ciel S tgtte ae oe eaivlele pore an poe ay 581 LIT. Rhynchota from the Solomon Islands. By W. L. Distant. 384 LIV. Rhynchota from the Aru Islands. By W. L, Distant 389
v1 CONTENTS.
Page
New Books:—Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey Branch.—lecords of the Indian Museum. (A Journal of Indian Zoology. ) A Revision of the Species of Zabanus from the Oriental Region, including Notes on Species from sur- rounding Countries. By Gerrrupe Ricarvo. —Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene in the British Museum. Vol. as;
BIntes ACR VINLSClXKGi, ~,<.) pce al ction Geeta eee ees 391 Proeeediniesiof the Geological ‘Socielysers sashes sccdse sae seu eee 302
NUMBER 46.
LV. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Syntomide, Arcliade, eee, istide@, and Noctuide, By Sir Guoree F. Hampson, BSADE FOE LLORAS a ss sea x os Ok RPE RE Cees ek w cules te te 393
LVE inecaians of new Species of African Diploptera in the Collection of the British Museum, By Grorrrry Mrape-Wa.po,
EM Ue Gs oie cient keys fede’ a =" Gaans de ¢ ROE Rts iy oe Ree es clea le 445 LVII. List of a Collection of Mammals made by Mr. A. L. Butler
on the Upper Nile. By ds, .C. WroueHronys . se, 0o0 oh tom ene ot 458 LVIII. Deseriptions of new Scorpions, By 8. Himsr.......... 462
LIX. Some new Species of the Coleopterous Genus Anomala from Southern India. By GitBErT J. ARROW........ setitehas seen ag 473
LX. Notes on the Coleopterous Family Pselaphide of the Group Faronini of New Zealand, with Descriptions of new Species. By
Major’. BROUN, FOEAS.« <.5 0% Oe. STO ees en ‘aeolian 483 LXI. Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from Tropical
Africa,’ By G. L. BrereunE-Bakee, PoE SP 205-00 «<q opienenee 506
’ LXII. Descriptions of new Species of Lepidoptera from New
Guines. By G. T. Bernune-Baker, FILS. FZ. aye sacs on +e 542 LXIII. On a new Black-tailed Rat from South Africa. By Guy
PERO RAT © an jo he ninm iene jes ee Semanal BU se eee emacs pee 544 LXIV. An Epizoic Hydroid on a Crab from Christmas Island.
Sy cave ep ANGMAIN, WEIS, sy in 0's, disusie (oyebe © 5 Sie ieteteaaic holm Cin ees ON A a 546
New Books :—Atlas of Zoogeography. Prepared by J. G. Bar- THOLOMEW, LL.D., F.R.S.E., W. EaGie Ciarke, F.R.S.E., F.1L.8., and Percy H, Griusnaw, yal esi sh py ah ES. —U. S. Department of Agriculture: Bureau of Biological Survey. North American Fauna, No. 31 (Oct. 19, 1910). Revision of the Wood
Rats of the Genus Neotoma, By Epwarp A. GoLpMAN, Field Nainralist, Biological Survey .).'.)<7'/sce esl ean eens ee 550, 551 Proceedings of the Geological Society ........cccsceetenceeecees 551
NUMBER 47.
LXV. The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Ostariophysi.—2. Siluroidea, By C. Tate Ree@an, M.A. ...... 553
LXVI. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XI. By PU PESO HAUG A CONS: anak gait Aaah as 9 AM Pa aN Cig erm ets eel 577
CONTENTS. Vil
Page LXVIL. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—V. By Rowranp KE. _ LUIS 80S Ba ES i ed Pe RR Os Se ators ee 602 LXVIII. On some new Opiliones from Japan and the Loo-Choo Rese ESS. PADRE oe dy oy cscs ¢ pp eR eM Me ates Bie cee 625 LXIX. Descriptions of Four new African Fishes of the Genus Mastacembelus. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S. 1.1... eee eee 637 LXX. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental Homo- Seiaen Ue WN RMR EAIS WS arr, hoo py Mime rial 04 clans aioe 639
LXXI. On the Upper Devonian Ostracoderm, Psammosteus taylori. By A. SmirH Woopwarp, LL.D., F.R.S. (Plate IX.)
LXXII. On new Mammals from East Africa, presented to the British Museum by Mr. A. Blaney Percival. By Guy DoLtuman ,. 652
LXXIII. A new Peeciliid Fish from the Amazon, with Notes on the Genera Petalosoma and Tomeurus. By C. Tare Recan, M.A. 659
LXXIV. Descriptions and Recordsof Bees—XXXIX,. By T.D.A. Suchen, University of Colorado 22h. 005 lie ee ee ben nes 660
LXXV. The Holotypes of the Fossil Scorpions Paleomachus anglicus and Pale@ophonus caledonicus. By F. A. BarHER
New Books :—Figures and Descriptions of the Fishes of Japan, in- eluding Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea, and Southern Sakhalin. By SuiarHo Tanaka, Instructor in Zoology, Science College, University of Tokyo.— British Freshwater Fishes. By C. Tare IRxGan.—Zoological Sane Eni Rom tre reds, Sadie a. Sore aia Gates hoa ew Ak Oe 677, 678
Proceedings of the Geological Society ...........-0000eee: 679—G684
NUMBER 48,
LXXVI. Notes on the Coleopterous Family Pselaphide of the Group Luplectini of New Zealand, with Descriptions of Two new Genera and Twelve Species. By Major T. Broun, F.E.S......... 685
oe New Species of Geometride. By Louis B. Prout, ES.
LXXVIII. Paraceratherium bugtiense, anew Genus of Rhinocero- tide from the Bugti Hills of Baluchistan —Preliminary Notice. By C. Forsrer-Cooprr, M.A., University Demonstrator in Compara- tive Morphology, Cambridge. (Plate X.) 711
LXXIX. Descriptions of some new Species of Heterocera, mostly from Tropical South America. By Herserr Druce, F.L.S. &e... 716
LXXX. Threenew Rodents from Kan-su. By OLpFietp Tuomas. 720 LXXXI. Four new African Carnivores. By OLpFieLD THomas. 72
LXXXII. New Rodents from Sze-chwan collected by Capt. F. M. Pee ry OLN MUEUIN PHOMAS s 3 sacs chs od oo da cee oebeus. LXXXIII. The Osteology and Classification of the Gobioid Fishes. By C. Tare Regan, M.A.
i COSCON Oa WOME OSCR MCC SR Saki 0A an Tar Sk aa Te Seas (29
viil CONTENTS.
Page LXXXIV. On a new West-African Squirrel presented to the British Museum by Mr. P. A. Talbot. By Guy DotuMan ...... 733 LXXXV. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental Femaptera,, “By, W, La. DISTANT 54g MATAR rt hee cho dele see etal ee 735
LXXXVI, Notes on the Family Masaride (Hymenoptera), with Descriptions of a new Genus and Three new Species. By GEOFFREY ERAT VERIO, ETA...) con Hare Murded tue ieve shxiea ele wells wean 747
LXXXVII. Some probable and possible Instances of Warning Characteristics amongst Insectivorous and Carnivorous Mammals. By gie se OOO (is Ml, .i: |... co eeenmie bias ald nGele bn oe oles eters 750
LXXXVIII. New Mammals from Central and Western Asia, mostly collected by Mr. Douglas Carruthers. By OLpFIELD THomas. 758
LXXXIX. Descriptions and Records of Bees —XL. By T. D. A. Cockupnus, Untyersity of Colorado |... ctos cic ucla ele wo alee ee 763
XC. A Vote against the Strict Application of the Priority Rule in Zoological Nomenclature. (With an Introduction by Dr. Tu. IVUGD RISES NO), 7 o's sacle oss wks Sih oceteredeuatm See ele te le tts be epnin pla sepa ep tae 770
New Book :—The Life of Crustacea. By W.T. Caiman, D.Sc. .. 778
Proceedings of the Geological Society......... cee eee ee ee eee eeee 780
Nridexcman 7 hhe thes ee eeeeece
PLATES IN VOL. VIII.
Prater I. New species of Blattide. II. Hyo-palatine and opercular bones of Ostariophysi. III. Oncopodura crassicornis, Shoebotham. New species of Dynastine. VI. Fossil Mollusca &c. from Southern Nigeria. VI. Semnopithecus poliocephalus, Trovess. VIII. New species of Urocyclide from British East Africa. IX. Psammosteus taylori, 7raq. X. Paraceratherium bugtiense, Forst.-Coop.
THE ANNALS
AND
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
(EIGHTH SERIES. ]
Me andebestess-acee per litora spargite muscum, Naiades, et circtim vitreos considite fontes: Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores: Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum. At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ; Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas Ferte, Dez pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”
N. Parthenii Giannettasi, Eel; 1.
No. 43. JULY 1911.
I.—Deseriptions of some new Species of Blattidee. By R. SHetrorp, M.A., F.L.S.
[Plate I.]
Hemithyrsocera testacea, sp. n.
&. Rufo-testaceous, head darker. Pronotum trapezoidal, margined anteriorly and laterally with opaque testaceous. Tegmina extending slightly beyond the apex of the abdomen ; 15 costals, radial vein bifurcate from near the base, 7 longi- tudinal discoidal sectors, anterior ulnar 3-ramose. Wings hyaline; veins flavous, mediastinal vein 3-ramose, radial vein bifurcate from near base; 9 costals, the first six incrassated, ulnar simple, triangular apical area not very conspicuous. Supra-anal lamina triangular, not exceeding the subgenital lamina, which is asymmetrical, slightly produced, with one minute style (the right), and one larger, hidden under the lamina, Opening of scent-gland on seventh abdominal tergite. Legs testaceous, tibie tipped with fuscous ; front femora with a complete row of spines beneath, the more distal short.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 1
2 Mr. R. Shelford on some
Total length 13 mm.; length of body 12 mm. ; length of tegmina 11 mm. ; pronotum 3X4 mm.
Brythrea, Ghinda, Cheren.
Type in Oxford University Museum.
Ischnoptera lunaris, sp. n.
&@. Pale testaceous. Head with a broad castaneous stripe extending from between the eyes to the clypeus; vertex testaceous, occiput castaneous. Antenne testaceous. Pro- notum trapezoidal, a castaneous vitta on each side of the disc, the vitte narrowly contiguous anteriorly. Tegmina with a narrow castaneous vitta extending from the base of the radial vein throughout three-fifths of the costal field; radial vein bifurcate, about 15 costals, 8 longitudinal discoidal sectors, both ulnar veins ramose. Wings hyaline, mediastinal vein 3-ramose, radial vein bifurcate, about 8 costals; ulnar vein 6-ramose, 4 rami being incomplete ; a moderately prominent apical triangle. Abdomen testaceous; supra-anal lamina transversely quadrate, its posterior margin sinuate; sub- genital lamina exceeding the supra-anal lamina, asymmetrical, its apex produced to form a minute lobe curved upwards and inwards and beset with sete; one minute style (the leit). Cerci moderate, testaceous. Legs testaceous; front femora with a complete row of spines on the anterior margin beneath.
Total length 14 mm. ; length of body 11 mm.; length of tegmina 12 mm.; pronotum 2°>xX4 mm.
Queensland, Peak Downs (Godefroy). Two examples only.
Allied to Ischnoptera manicata, Tepper.
‘'ype in the Stockholm Museum.
Ischnoptera jocosa, sp. n.
3d. Head piceous or dark castaneous; gene, ocelli, and mouth-parts testaceous. Antenne infuscated. Pronotum trapezoidal, piceous, margined all round with testaceous, more narrowly anteriorly and posteriorly than laterally. Tegmina pale castaneous, outwardly margined with testaceous, base of principal veins dark castaneous ; radial vein bifureate, about 14 costals, 7-8 longitudinal discoidal sectors. Wings hyaline ; mediastinal vein ramose, radial vein bifurcate; 8 costals with incrassated apices ; ulnar vein with 3-4 rami, 1 being incomplete; a small and ill-defined apical triangle. Abdomen rufo-castaneous. Supra-anal lamina trigonal, apex notched ; subgenital lamina almost symmetrical, apex faintly emarginate aud furnished with one sharply pointed style
9°
new Species of Blattidee. 3
curved upwards and backwards. Cerci infuscated. Legs testaceous; front femora with a complete row of spines on anterior margin beneath.
@. Similar, but supra-anal lamina sharply triangular, apex not emarginate, surpassed by the semiorbicular, ample sub- genital plate.
Total length 11 mm.; length of body (3) 8, (9) 7mm.; length of tegmina 8°5 mm.; pronotum 2°5 x3 mm.
Queensland, Peak Downs ( Godefroy). ‘Three specimens.
Types in the Stockholm Museum.
This species is transitional to the genus Blattella, Caud., as typified by B. germanica, L., but on account of the incom- plete ramus of the vena ulnaris alarum I prefer to place it in Ischnoptera.
Mareta scripta, sp. n.
6. General colour sordid testaceous. Head with a band between the eyes, two lines on the frons, and two spots just above the clypeus castaneous. Antenne pale testaceous at base, remainder infuscated. Pronotum transversely elliptical, lateral margins broadly hyaline, disc with castaneous dots and lines arranged in a symmetrical pattern. T'egmina and wings exceeding the apex of the abdomen, Tegmina with all the veins bordered with quadrangular spots of pale brown ; radial vein simple, 13 costals, discoidal sectors numerous, oblique, posterior ulnar simple. Wings hyaline ; mediastinal vein biramose ; 8 costals, the more proximal with incrassated apices, the first crossing the lower mediastinal branch ; ulnar vein 4- to 5-ramose ; an inconspicuous apical triangle. Supra-anal lamina transverse ; subgenital lamina produced at the apex into a lobe terminating in two styliform processes, the genital styles situated on either side of this lobe. Cerci and legs testaceous, the former fusco-maculate towards apex.
Total length 11 mm, ; length of body 7°5 mm.; length of tegmina 9 mm. ; pronotum 2 x 3 mm.
Queensland, Peak Downs (Godefroy). Three specimens.
Type in the Stockholm Museum.
Owing to the structure of the subgenital lamina the male looks as if it had four genital styles. Superficially the insect resembles Phyllodromia ceylonica, Br. (synonyms, P. punctu- lata, Br., P. nimbata, Shelf.), but the structural characters of alary organs and femora establish its generic identity as here given. The colouring of the tegmina, moreover, is quite characteristic of Mareta.
1*
4 Mr. R. Shelford on some
Mareta godeffroyi, sp. n.
@. Head piceous, mouth-parts castaneous. Antenne castaneous at base, remainder piceous. Pronotum trape- zoidal, sordid testaceous, with two broad, irregular, castaneous vittee ; a small testaceous spot situated in the outer border of each vitta. ‘Tegmina and wings exceeding apex of abdomen. Tegmina testaceous, with all the intervenular spaces filled with castaneous; marginal area very broad, radial vein simple ; 13 costals, the last two multiramose; discoidal sectors oblique, posterior ulnar simple. Wings with the veins fuscous ; mediastinal vein anastomosing at apex with the first costal, radial simple; 9 costals, their apices clavate ; ulnar vein with 4 rami; apical triangle inconspicuous. Abdomen above and beneath rufo-castaneous, heavily bordered with piceous ; supra-anal lamina triangular, apex deeply notched ; subgenital lamina semiorbicular, ample. Cerci piceous, 13-jointed. Legs rufo-testaceous, suffused with darker.
Total length 12 mm.; length of body 11 mm. ; length of tegmina 11 mm.; pronotum 3X5 mm.
Queensland, Peak Downs and Gayndah (Godefroy). Two examples.
Type in the Stockholm Museum.
Closely allied to Mareta subtilis, Brunn. (= Phyllodromia subtilis). It may be noted here that the chiet diagnostie characters of the genus Mareta, Bol., are the oblique discoidal sectors of the tegmina, the ramose ulnar vein of the wings, an inconspicuous apical triangle, and the front femora with the anterior margin beneath armed only with close-set sete.
Stylopyga immunda, sp. n.
g. Piceous, nitid. Labrum ochreous. Antenne casta- neous. Tegmina lobiform. Seventh abdominal tergite triangularly produced, almost concealing the supra-anal lamina, which is subtriangular, with the apex produced to a
oint; the margins of the lamina are serrated. Subgenital fasids quadrate, with two stout genital styles. Cerci flat- tened, acuminate. Legs with the femora castaneous ; second posterior tarsal joint armed, the other joints unarmed, their pulvilli large; tarsal arolia present.
¢. Similar, but the seventh abdominal tergite less strongly produced; supra-anal lamina posteriorly concavely emar- ginate.
new Species of Blattide. 5
Total length, (¢) 27, (2) 26 mm.; pronotum (¢ ?) 9-10 x12 mm.
Queensland. Three specimens.
Type in the Stockholm Museum.
Allied to 8. coxvalis, Walk., from Ceram and New Guinea, but differing in the form of the supra-anal lamina of the male.
Stylopyga proposita, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 1.)
6. Piceous, nitid. Labrum and clypeus castaneous ; palpi piceous. Antenne castaneous. Tegminal rudiments absent. Seventh abdominal tergite obtusely produced. Supra-anal lamina sharply triangular, surpassing the sub- genital lamina, which is rounded, sides not notched ; styles straight, spiniform. Cerci flattened, moderate. Posterior metatarsus longer than succeeding joints ; all the pulvilli minute, apical; arolia absent.
2. Similar, but supra-anal lamina obtusely produced, apex truncate.
Total length (¢ 9?) 24 mm. ; pronotum 7°5 x 10 mm.
Java, Batavia, Tanah-Abang (P. Serre, 1904). Two examples.
Types in the Paris Museum.
Stylopyga maindroni, sp. n.
3. Head piceous, with the mouth-parts castaneous ; an- tennze piceous at base, remainder fuscous. Thoracic tergites rufo-castaneous ; pronotum heavily bordered with piceous ; a triangular piceous blotch on each side of the meso- and metanotum. No tegminal rudiments. Abdomen above dark castaneous at base, becoming piceous towards the apex. Seventh abdominal tergite obtusely produced. Supra-anal Jamina bluntly triangular. Abdomen beneath rufous, mar- gined with piceous. Subgenital lamina rounded; styles straight, not spiniform, rufous. Cerci flattened, piceous. Legs rufous. Posterior metatarsus equal in length to the succeeding joints, second tarsal joint armed beneath; pulvilli of moderate size ; arolia absent.
Total length 18 mm. ; pronotum 6 x 7°5 mm,
Nilghiris, Coonoor (Maindron, 1902). One example.
Type in the Paris Museum.
The Oriental and Australian species of the genus Stylopyga, as defined by me in Gen. Insect., Blattide, Subfam. Blattina, fasc. 109 (1910), can be distinguished by the following
6 Mr. R. Shelford on some
synoptical key. The well-known and cosmopolitan species S. rhombifolia, Stoll, and the gaudy S. ornata, Br. (figured
in the above-cited memoir), are omitted.
1. Wings represented by squamiform lobes.
2. micolorous species... .is »/s vse bhaieles «= quadrilobata, Br. 2’, Pronotum and tegminal rudiments mar- (Celebes.) eined With OChreous | )..5 .ee keene > ss salomonis, Shelf. 1’. Wings entirely absent. (Solomon Is.)
2. Tegminal rudiments present. 3. Thorax and abdomen above with rufous
MICE YGUT U2) 5 Se a Se sex-pustulata, Walk. 3’. Unicolorous species. (S. India, ? Java.) 4, Tegminal rudimentstransversely trun- cate, almost square .........0.... picea, By. (Nicobar Is.)
A', Tegminal rudiments with apex rounded, elliptical. 5. Pulvillus of second joint of poste- rior tarsus small, apical ........ semoni, Kr, (Java.) 5'. Pulvillus of second joint of poste- rior tarsus larger, occupying half the joint ic 62... Sana Sor ee es immunda, sp. 0. 2'. Tegminal rudiments absent. (Queensland.) 3. Unicolorous species. 4, Coxe not margined with testaceous. 5. Pulvilli of posterior tarsus minute,
SPIGA 5 Lis 5's wis poe a ers meee ee proposita, sp.n. (Java.) 5’. Pulvilli large, occupying the greater part of the tarsal joints ........ parallela, Bol. 4’, Coxee margined with testaceous. (S. India.)
5. Seventh abdominal tergite strongly produced backwards, almost hiding the supra-anal lamina.... covalis, Walk. (Ceram, 5'. Seventh abdominal tergite scarcely New Guinea.) PTOMUCED 27h... bres ke eles wine m8: e muchaelsent, Shelf.* 8’. Body above anteriorly rufo-castaneous, (W. Australia.) posteriorly piceous ..............5. maindront, sp. 0.
(S. India.)
Stylopyga togoensis, sp.n. (PI. I. fig. 2.)
6. Piceous, nitid, impunctate. Antenne castaneous, mouth-parts testaceous. ‘Tegmina represented by squami- form lobes, scarcely extending beyond the mesonotum. Pos- terior angles of abdominal tergites scarcely produced, seventh tergite shortly produced ; supra-anal lamina shortly trigonal, exceeded by the subgenital lamina, which is subquadrate and produced, its apex slightly emarginate. Genital styles bifurcate ; the outer limb long, curved, and flattened, the inner
* Accidentally omitted from my Gen. Insect. memoir. The reference is:—Blattide [¢z] Fauna S.W.-Australiens (Michaelsen & Hartmeyer), Vol. ii. Lfg. 9, p. 140 (1909).
new Spectes of Blattide. q
limb short and terminating in four teeth. Cerci stout, 10- jointed. Legs castaneous ; posterior tarsi elongate, the second joint spined beneath.
Length 13 mm. ; pronotum 51x 6 mm.
Togo, Misahéhe (4. Baumann).
Type in the Berlin Museum.
Blatta rufo-cercata, sp. n.
?. Piceous. Pronotum with an elongate rufous macula on each lateral margin. ‘l’egmina subquadrate, obliquely truncate, sutural margins touching, just reaching the first abdominal tergite, seriate-punctate. Scutellum not exposed. Wings minute, lobiform, completely hidden by the tegmina. Seventh abdominal tergite obtusely produced, margin not sinuate. Supra-anal lamina cucullate, subtruncate. Cerci short, rufous. Femora rather sparsely armed ; tarsi rufo- castaneous, their structure quite typical of the genus; arolia absent.
Total length 15 mm.; length of tegmina 3 mm,; pro- notum 4X6 mm.
Manila (Leveillé, 1877). Two examples.
‘Type in the Paris Museum.
Pseudoderopeltis morosa, sp. n.
3. Head castaneous, antenne fuscous. Pronotum piceous, trapezoidal, with two oblique impressions ; membranous pro- cesses of meso- and metanotum moderately long and slender. Tegmina castaneous, considerably exceeding the apex of the abdomen. Wings suffused with castaneous, median vein bifurcate and ramose ; a small intercalated apical triangle. Abdomen piceous; supra-anal lamina trigonal, subgenital lamina rounded, styles long and slender. Legs castaneous.
?. Piceous, nitid, impunctate. Clypeus testaceous; an- tennee rufescent. Tegminal rudiments barely extending beyond the mesonotum. Posterior angles of abdominal tergites 5-7 produced, seventh tergite with posterior margin very convex; supra-anal lamina cucullate, triangular, emar- ginate. Legs castaneous ; posterior tarsi rather short, second joint not spined beneath, its pulvillus large.
3. Total length 25 mm. ; length of body 19 mm.; length of tegmina 21 mm.; pronotum 6x 7 mm.
@. Length of body 21 mm.; length of tegmina 4 mm. ; pronotum 6X9 mm.
Chinchoxo (Falkenstein). Several examples.
‘Types in the Berlin Museum.
8 Mr. R. Shelford on some
Pseudoderopeltis togoensis, sp. 0.
3. Very like P. morosa, but smaller; pronotum casta- neous; membranous processes of meso- and metanotum obsolescent ; tegmina paler towards apex ; median vein of wings not bifurcate, anastomosing irregularly with the radial vein; no intercalated triangle; supra-anal lamina more produced, apex slightly emarginate.
Total length 22 mm.; length of body 16 mm. ; length of tegmina 18 mm.; pronotum 4°59 x6 mm.
‘ogo, Bismarckburg (2. Bittner). Several examples.
‘Type in the Berlin Museum.
Euthyrrapha vittata, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)
?. Body and head piceous, with sparse erect pubescence. Antenne piceous. Tegmina castaneous, with a broad orange vitta extending from the base to near the apex. Wings hyaline, with the apex castaneous and an orange stigma on the costa; ulnar vein with 6 rami. Supra-anal lamina sub- quadrate ; subgenital lamina ample, with the apex deeply cleft. Cerci slender, acuminate. Legs castaneous, the tibial spines rufous.
Length of body 6 mm.; length of tegmina 5 mm.; length of wings 7 mm:; pronotum 2x3 mm.
N. Kamerun (Conrad).
Type in the Berlin Museum.
Folocompsa capsoides, sp.n. (Pl. I. figs. 6a, 6d.)
3. Piceous, with a scant, recumbent, rufous pubescence. Mouth-parts castaneous. Pronotum trapezoidal; scutellum exposed, conspicuous. Wings in repose extending somewhat beyond the tegmina, ‘Tegmina with the mediastinal and anal areas, a space between them, and a triangular patch (the base of the triangle extending from the apex of the anal area to the apex of the mediastinal area, its apex at a point situated halfway on the outer margins of the tegmen) coriaceous, the remainder of the tegmen membranous, hyaline, with a fuscous suffusion at the apex ; mediastinal and anal veins conspicuous, the other veins obsolescent or absent. Wings hyaline, with the posterior margin broadly suffused’ with fuscous; a large fuscous stigma on the anterior margin formed by a fusion of the mediastinal rami and of the proximal costals; the bases of the ulnar and first axillary veins are moderately robust, otherwise the venation of the wing is obsolescent. Supra-ana lamina shortly trigonal,
new Species of Blattidee. 9
surpassed by the subgenital lamina, which is trapezoidal and furnished with two slender styles. Cerci slender. Legs castaneous.
Total length 6°2-7 mm.; length of tegmina 5-5°6 mm. ; pronotum 1:8 x 2°5 mm.
Lower Ogowé, between Lambarene and the sea (£. Haug, 1901). Two examples.
Type in the Paris Museum.
Allied to H. minutissima, de Geer, but distinguished inter alia by the obsolescent venation. .
Genus NYMPHRYTRIA, nov.
Form semiglobular. Antenne extremely short, incrassated ; the first joint elongate, equal to one-quarter of the total length of the antenne, the second and third joints as long as broad, the remaining joints transverse. Irons above the clypeus bullate. Body fringed with long stiff hairs, Pro- notum anteriorly produced strongly, completely covering the head, posterior margin convex. Posterior angles of seventh abdominal tergite acutely produced. Cerci minute, hidden, unjointed. Posterior tibiz subquadrangular, the spines on the outer aspect biseriately arranged, those on the inner aspect uniseriately arranged; the spines serrated and grooved. Tarsi slender, fimbriate, without pulvilli and without claws.
Nymphrytria mirabilis, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 4.)
9. Pale testaceous, tibial spines castaneous. Antenne with 32 joints. MHyes wide apart. Hairs fringing the body testaceous. © Pronotum finely granulate and with a few minute hairs; disc with two transverse impressions and a faintly impressed median line. Meso- and metanotum and the first three abdominal tergites smooth, nitid. Abdominal tergites 4-6 finely granulate in the middle. Supra-anal lamina rounded, margin entire, surpassing the subgenital lamina, which is semiorbicular, its posterior margin indented on either side, the tuberculiform cerci visible in the notches. Femora and tibiz short and robust, tarsi slender. Femora armed on both margins beneath with a few minute spines, the spines at the apical angles arranged in little groups of 3 or 4; no genicular spines. Front tibiee very short, with 8 apical spines and 1 free spine, the longest spine not equal to the length of the first tarsal joint ; mid tibize with 7 spines on the outer aspect, biseriately arranged, 5 apical spines, no spines on the inner aspect, the longest apical spine equal in length to the tibia, but not so long as the first tarsal joint;
10 Mr. R. Shelford on some
hind tibiz quadrangular, flattened from side to side, broader at the apex than at the base, 6 spines on the outer aspect biseriately arranged, 4 long spines in a single row on the inner aspect near the apex, 5 apical spines, the longest of which is not quite equal to the first tarsal joint. Tarsi slender, the metatarsi exceeding in length the remaining joints, fimbriate and entirely without pulvilli or claws.
Length 12 mm.; greatest breadth 10 mm.; pronotum 6x8 mm.
Tunis, Gafsa.
Type in the St. Petersburg Museum.
This highly remarkable species is an extreme development of the genus Antsogamia, Sauss.; it resembles that genus in the form and fimbriation of the body, in the length of the first antennal joint, in the concealed and rudimentary cerci, and, to a certain extent, in the armature of the femora. It differs from Anisogamia by the extremely short antenne, by the form of the pronotum, by the femoral armature, and by the simplification of the tarsal structure. The pronotum of Nymphrytria in its shape resembles that of the males of Polyphaga species in its anterior production. The tarsal structure is unique amongst the Blattide, and it would be interesting to learn if its simplification and the serration of the tibial spines are correlated with peculiar habits of life ; that the species, like most of the Polyphage, has burrowing habits is sufficiently indicated by the structure of the fore tibiz, which, as digging instruments, must rival in efficiency those of Gryllotalpa.
Polyphaga platypoda, sp.n. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)
2. Rufo-castaneous, rufo-fimbriate. Antenne short and somewhat incrassated, with 36—40 joints, the apical of which are moniliform. Pronotum slightly produced anteriorly, completely covering the head, together with the meso- and metanotum granulate and with a sparse erect pubescence ; dise with chiselled markings. Abdomen smooth, nitid. Supra-anal lamina subtransverse. Subgenital lamina and cerci asin the preceding genus. Legs short,robust. Femora with a few minute spines on both margins beneath; no genicular spines. All the tibial spines robust, grooved beneath, and finely serrated. Front tibize as in the preceding species ; mid tibiz with spines on the outer aspect triseriately arranged, none on the inner aspect, 5 apical spines, the longest not equal to the first tarsal joint; hind tibize curved, spines on the outer aspect triseriately arranged in two groups,
new Species of Blattide. 11
3 spines on the inner aspect arranged in a single oblique row, 7 apical spines, the longest exceeding in length the first tarsal joint. Tarsi elongate, the metatarsi of the first and second pairs of legs flattened and grooved, considerably ex- ceeding in length the succeeding joints ; the second to fourth joints of the mid tarsi also grooved and flattened ; the poste- rior metatarsi not grooved, shorter than the first and second pairs. Claws slender, without arolia.
Length 16 mm.; greatest breadth 11 mm.; pronotum 6°5 x 8:1 mm.
Tunis, Gafsa.
Type in the St. Petersburg Museum.
A singular species, belonging to the same group as P. afri- cana, L., but differing in the peculiar tarsal structure and in the single row of spines on the inner aspect of the hind tibia, a character also presented by the genera Andsogamia and Nymphrytria.
Chorismeura australica, sp. 0.
?. Form ovate, depressed. Head very flattened, frons highly polished; testaceous. Antenne pale testaceous. Pronotum hyaline, with two broad rufescent vittee; very broad in proportion to length, anteriorly broadly emarginate, so that the vertex of the head is freely exposed, posteriorly truncate, exposing the small testaceous scutelluam. Tegmina and wings not exceeding apex of abdomen. Tegmina with very broad hyaline marginal area, disc rufescent ; mediastinal vein very robust, extending throughout two-fifths of the tegmen-length, but failing to reach the outer margin, the first three costals abutting on it; radial vein simple, 9 costals, 1 ulnar vein with 4 oblique rami, the discoidal and anal areas reticulated. Wings hyaline ; radial vein curved ; 10 costals, all rising from the posterior third of the radial vein, their apices incrassated, forming a conspicuous “ stigma” ; medio- discal area twice as broad as medio-ulnar area, crossed by a few transverse venules; ulnar vein biramose, the rami united by anastomoses ; a large apical area, its base acutely angu- late, in repose folded on the top of the wing. Abdomen rufescent above, testaceous beneath, broad; supra-anal lamina triangular, deeply incised at the apex; subgenital lamina ample, posterior margin widely and faintly emar- gimate. Cerci long, rufo-testaceous. Legs testaceous.
Total length 8 mm.; length of tegmina 6°5 mm. ; pro- notum 2X 3°38 mm.
Queensland, Cape York (Lhorey) ; Rockhampton, Gayndah (Godefroy). Five specimens.
12 On some new Species of Blattide.
Type in the Stockholm Museum. The ootheca is chitinous and carried with the suture uppermost.
Chorisoneura delicatula, sp. n.
9. Allied to the preceding species, but much larger and differing in the following points:—Colour pale testaceo- hyaline, disc of pronotum opaque testaceous. Pronotum anteriorly less conspicuously emarginate. Tegmina with bases of mediastinal and radial veins opaque testaceous, some of the intervenular spaces filled with rufo-testaceous ; ade astinal vein longer, 16-18 costals, 6 or 7 abutting onthe mediastinal vein ; ulnar vein with 9 oblique rami. Wings with 14 costals, not forming a “stigma.”
Total length 11 mm.; length of body 7-5 mm.; length of tegmina 8°56 mm.; pronotum na x 4:5 mm.
‘Queensland, Peak Downs ((rodeffroy), and Cape York (Thorey). ‘Two examples.
Type in the Stockholm Museum.
The genus Chorisoneura, Br., is here recorded for the first time from Australia ; originally regarded as purely Neo- tropical, recently its range has been shown to extend into West Africa and the Indian subregion. It is possible that when the genus has been thoroughly revised it will be neces- sary to separate off the two Australian species under a different generic name, for they differ somewhat from the extra-Australian species; but, pending such a revision, they may be regarded as outlying ‘members of the rather loosely defined genus Chorisoneura.
Blabera lindmani, sp. n.
&. Allied to B. emmacula, Sauss. & Zehnt., from Pernam- buco. Head piceous, frons not flattened, interspace between eyes about equal to the length of the first two antennal joints. Pronotum unicolorous castaneous, striated anteriorly and posteriorly ; disc with a few impressions ; form similar to that of B. immacula. Tegmina pale picedus: bases of the mediastinal and radial veins darker. Wings hyaline, with marginal area narrowly testaceous, outer margin sinuate. Abdomen above wood- brown, beneath rufescent margined with castaneous. Supra-anal lamina bilobate ; subgenital Jamina slightly asymmetrical, notched on the right side, two styles. Cerei very short. Legs castaneous ; femora entirely unarmed beneath, formula of apical spines %, }, 1, front
On the Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 13
femora with no genicular spines; posterior metatarsi short, unarmed, all the pulvilli very large; no arolia between the tarsal claws.
Total length 42 mm.; length of body 32 mm.; length of tegmina 382 mm.; pronotum 10 x 14 mm.
Brazil (C. Lindman). One example only.
Type in the Stockholm Museum.
Panesthia froggattt, sp. n.
9. Allied to P. kheili, Bol., and with almost identical pronotal structure, but tegmina and wings reduced to squami- torm rudiments, their apices obliquely truncate. Outer margins of seventh abdominal tergite faintly crenulate, the apical tooth directed outwards as well as backwards; margin of supra-anal lamina dentate.
Total length 37 mm.; length of tegmina 7°2 mm. ; pro- notum 10x 14 mm.
Solomon Islands (W. W. Froggatt).
Type in Oxford University Museum.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Fig. 1. Apex of abdomen of Stylopyga proposita, sp. n., g. Dorsal aspect.
Fig. 2. Apex of abdomen of Stylopyga togoensis, sp. n., ¢. Dorsal aspect. Note the large genital styles,
Fig. 3. Euthyrrapha vittata, sp.n, Q. xX 6.
Fig. 4. Left hind tibia and tarsus of Nymphrytria mirabilis, gen. et
gp: ty 2.
Fig. 5. Left mid tibia and tarsus (from below) of Polyphaga platypoda, Sp ayDvgnee «i
Fig. 6. a, Left tegmen, 6, Right wing of Holocompsa capsoides, sp. n., 3.
Il. — The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order Ostartophysi.—l. Cyprinoidea. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.) [Plate IT. }
THE order Ostariophysi includes a number of types which are very divergent in form and appearance, but which agree in the possession of the remarkable Weberian mechanism,
14 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
forming a communication between the air-bladder and the internal ear *,
Hach ductus endolymphaticus unites with its fellow and gives rise to a backwardly directed median diverticulum, the sinus endolymphaticus, lying in a cavity of the basioccipital which is roofed by laminar inward expansions of the ex- occipitals. This cavity, the cavum sinus imparis, communi- cates anteriorly with the perilymph spaces surrounding the internal ear, and posteriorly, where its bony roof terminates, gives rise to a pair of lateral cavities, the atria sinus imparts. The wall of each atrium is partly membranous and is in part formed by two ossicles, claustrum and scaphium, which repre- sent the supra-neural and neural arches of the first vertebra ; a ligament connects the scaphium with the tripus, a triangular or triradiate bone mainly formed of the rib of the third vertebra, but in the Characiformes clearly including the para- pophysis also; in the connecting ligament may appear the antercalarium, primarily representing the neural arch of the second vertebra. ‘The air-bladder is typically divided into anterior and posterior portions; the former is supported by the os suspensorium, either the parapophysis or rib of the fourth vertebra, or perhaps both, and in its wall is inserted the posterior process of the tripus. The other portions of the tripus and the intercalarium lie in the cavity of the saccus paravertebralis, a membranous sac filled with a semigelatinous fluid; in the more generalized types this sac communicates anteriorly with the subdural lymph spaces of the cranium through a lateral occipital foramen at the side of the foramen magnum.
Sagemehl thought that the Ostariophysi were related to Amia, but there can be little doubt that they are allied to generalized Clupeoids such as the Hlopidee. ‘The Characi- formes are the least specialized of the Ostariophysi, and the absence of a splenial, the presence of an endochondral supra- occipital, the ossified mesocoracoid, the complete vertebral centra, without caudal intercentra, and the homocercal struc- ture of the caudal fin show that they are far removed from Amia and are closely related to the Isospondyli.
The Ostariophysi may be divided into two well-marked suborders, Cyprinoidea and Siluroidea; the classification of the former is the subject of the present memoir. The
* On the Weberian mechanism of the Cyprinoidea see especially Sagemehl, Morph. Jahrb. x. 1885, p. 102; Sérensen, Vid. Selsk. Skr. Copenhagen, (6) vi. 1892, p. 181; Bridge and Haddon, Phil. Trans. elxxxiy. (B), 1893, p. 65; Bloch, Jenaisch. Zeitschr. xxxiv. 1900, p. 1.
' Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 15
Cyprinoids are malacopterous physostomes * with the pelvic fins, when present, abdominal; the head is naked and the body is usually scaly ; the branchiostegals are few, 3-9. Parietal bones are present, either meeting in the middle line or separated by a fontanel, and an orbitosphenoid is always present; the metapterygoid and symplectic are well deve- loped ; most of the parapophyses are distinct from the centra (except in Misgurnus) and the anterior vertebrae remain separate, or only the centra of the second and third may unite ; epipleurals and epineurals are present.
The suborder Cyprinoidea includes three well-marked divisions—Characiformes, Gy mnotiformes, and Cypriniformes.
Division 1. CHARACIFORMEST.
Body deep or moderately elongate ; dorsal and caudal fins well developed ; pelvic fins present; usually an adipose fin. Mouth typically non-protractile; jaws usually toothed and maxillary rarely excluded from the gape. Upper and lower pharyngeals dentigerous, normally opposed. An opisthotic ; posterior temporal fossa well developed, with two or three posterior apertures. Hyopalatine and opercular bones all present ; palatine firmly attached to pterygoid and meso- pterygoid. Post-temporal forked. Air-bladder large, free, divided into two by a transverse constriction.
This group comprises several hundred species from the fresh waters of Central and South America and Africa ; it corresponds to the family Characide or Characinide of authors f.
Family 1. Characidz.
Premaxillaries not much produced; maxiliaries well developed. ‘l'eeth in jaws usually strong; palate sometimes toothed. Hyomandibular two-headed, the posterior head | inserted in a groove of the pterotic, the anterior with flat or concave surface articulating with a flat or convex surface on the sphenotic ; pterygoid narrowed posteriorly, immovably attached to quadrate or mesopterygoid. Orbito-sphenoid
* Many Cobitide and Homalopteride, with the air-bladder reduced and encapsuled, are physoclists,
+ Sagemehl, Morph. Jahrb. x. 1885, p. 102, has written a valuable memoir on the crauial osteology. Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xviii. 1895, p- 205, gives a list of some other papers of lesser importance.
t Cf Bouleng. Camb. Nat. Hist., Fish. p. 575 (1904), and Cat. Afr. Freshwater Fish. i. p. 174 (1909); Eigenmann, Reports Princeton Exped. Patagon. iii. Zool. pts. 3 (1909) & 4 (1910).
16 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
forming a sutural union with frontals. Hypocoracoids sepa- rate, often forming a pair of flat vertical lamine which are apposed in the middle line; pectoral radials usually 4, com- pressed and somewhat elongate, articulating with a ridge on the hypercoracoid, Scales cycloid. Dorsal fin median or posterior, short or of moderate length.
Chiefly carnivorous fishes from the fresh waters of Central and South America and Africa.
The principal genera may be arranged thus :—
I. Premaxillaries fixed, firmly attached to the mesethmoid; maxil- laries usually movable, rarely adherent to praeemaxillaries.
A, Abdomen not serrated. 1. Teeth on the palatines or pterygoids: American.
a. Anal fin short; no fontanel.
Lateral line present, running straight along
middle of side; teeth in jaws conical,
with canines; a band of teeth on each
side of the palate; hypocoracoids not in
contact.” (Chrythrinin@.) ...... -.se sree Erythrinus, Hoplias. | Lateral line absent; teeth in jaws rather
small, tricuspid; a few small teeth on
each side of the palate; hypocoracoids
forming vertical laminz which are ap-
posed in the middle line. (Lebdiasinine.) Lebiasina, Prabucina.
b. Anal fin long; lateral line more or less decurved ; hypo- coracoids forming median vertical laminz ; teeth in jaws conical, with canines.
-A series of conical teeth on each pterygoid ; base of pectoral fin rathershort. (Aces- EFONNUM PRIN.) seh EEE Renee Oligosarcus, Acestrorham- phus, Acestrorhynchus. Minute granular teeth on pterygoid and meso- pterygoid ; base of pectoral fin very long. (Cynodontina.). ..... + .00»« inialt eerie Cynodon.
2. Palate toothless; lateral line usually decurved ; hypocoracoids forming median vertical lamine.
a, Premaxillary with « posterior toothed process lying between maxillary and pterygoid *; teeth conical, with canines: African. (Sarcodacine.) .... Sarcodaces. 6, Premaxillary normal. (Characine.) a. Mesethmoid very large ..... . Chalceus, Plethodectes, Pyrrhulina, Pogonocharaz. B. Mesethmoid of moderate size. Teeth usually in 2 to 4 series in the preemax-
* In Sarcodaces, as in many Characiformes with the snout produced, the pterygoids extend to the vomer below or internal to the palatines, which retain their lateral ethmoid attachment.
Classification of the Order Ostartophyst. 17
illaries, compressed, notched or denticu-
UES Cath | Ant eee ee gee ice 24 Pie Bryconethiops *, Alestes *, Petersius*, Brycon, Chaleinus, Henochilus, Bryconops, Creagrutus, Deuterodon, Pseudochalceus, Crenuchus t, Scissor, Bramocharar, Tetragonopterus, Astyanax, Stichanodon f, Iguanodectes, Hemibrycon, Paragoniates,
Gymnocharacinus, Diapoma, Corynopoma, Pseudo-
corynopoma, Stethaprion, Brachychalcinus.
Teeth in 2 series in the premaxillaries, the outer or both conical or subconical ; anal
GE MIGGeTALG LenGt ye... eee. ss oo ele Salminus, Hystricodon, Agoniates. Teeth uniscrial, compressed, serrated in- Gikotas moushismall), 5.3. s .) eo fee dels Chirodon, Odontostilbe, Prabuea.
Teeth uniserial, compressed, pointed, notched or denticulated ; mouth larger ........ Aphiocharax, Mimagont- ates, Leptagoniates, Teeth uniserial, conical, without canines; anal
not very elongate........ +. 546 Reece Phowinopsis, Ctenocharax, Teeth conical, with canines; anal fin very BUN ae osc ase ene he Oo 2 * ck Passe a Charax, Roeboides, Cyno- potamus.
B. Abdomen keeled and serrated, bearing a median series of sharp- edged bony plates with backwardly directed points: American. (Serrasalmontn@.) ..csceecsceees Mylesinus, Pygocentrus,
Pygopristis, Serrasalmo, Myletes.
!
'
—
II. Preemaxillaries movable; maxillaries firmly united by suture with
the preemaxillaries: African. (Hydrocyonine.) Hydrocyon.
The Characine correspond to about fourteen of Higen- mann’s subfamilies; many of these are certainly natural groups, inasmuch as they include but a single genus or two or three closely related genera. Iguanodectes, Gymno- characinus, Diapoma, Corynopoma, Stichanodon, and Steth- aprion are apparently quite as near to Tetragonopterus and Astyanaz as the latter are to Brycon, and, in my opinion, nothing is gained by making them the types of separate subfamilies.
Chalceus and Plethodectes are placed by Eigenmann in the Piabucinine, which he distinguishes from the Tetragono- pterine by the absence of fontanels, a character of very slight importance. In the Characiformes the presence of fontanels is probably sometimes a primitive feature, sometimes not ; they have often become reduced or have disappeared or have not developed, especially in. those forms with the upper surface of the head flattish and the occipital crest low.
* These genera are African, the other Characine American.
t Teeth uniserial, but these genera are apparently related to the genera with biserial teeth, after which they are placed.
Ann. & Wag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 2
18 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
Distichodus has fontanels, but Nannocharazx has not ; Hemi- odus has fontanels, but Parodon has not; most species of Alestes have fontanels, but in Alestes macrolepidotus they are absent and the parietals are united by suture. I could give other examples, but these will suffice.
Chalceus has the mouth and dentition of Brycon and is certainly related to that genus ; on the other hand, the large scales, the short anal fin, the flattish head, &c. suggest relationship to Pyrrhulina, which is confirmed by the large size of the mesethmoid bone and by the somewhat inter- mediate dentition of P/ethodectes.
Another genus with the mouth and dentition of Brycon is Chaleinus, which differs chiefly in the keeled thorax and compressed abdomen; on this account Higenmann associates it with Gastropelecus, but the skeleton is essentially similar tothat of Brycon. Pseudocorynopoma differs rather markedly from Chalcinus, and appears to me more nearly related to Astyanaz. In Paragoniates and Leptagoniates the keel of the thorax is evident, but the abdomen is not compressed to a sharp edge; these appear to me to be related to Hemi- brycon and Aphyocharax respectively, whilst Piabuca may stand in the same relation to Odontostible that Chalcinus does to Brycon.
From the above remarks it will be evident that I do not regard Higenmann’s Gastropelecine and Agoniatine as natural groups, and the same may be said of his Characine, which includes three well-marked groups which are not specially related, viz. (1) Bramocharaz, (2) Salminus and Hystricodon, and (3) Charax, Roeboides, and Cynopotamus.
Bramocharaz is, in my opinion, closely related to Scissor ; the latter is a Tetragonopterus with large mouth, produced snout, enlarged anterior teeth, and outer series of preemaxillary teeth reduced; Lramocharaw seems to differ only in that the snout is longer, the enlarged anterior teeth are further apart, and the outer premaxillary teeth are still smaller. Salminus and Hystricodon are closely related to Brycon, from which they differ only in the dentition ; moreover, most of the teeth in Salminus are not truly conical, but approximate to the compressed and tricuspid type, especially in young specimens; Agoniates is known to me only from the descrip- tion and figure of Miiller and Troschel, but I believe that it will prove to be closely related to Salminus.
Charax, Roeboides, and Cynopotamus, with their exposed maxillary and long anal fin, show little resemblance to Sal- minus, but much to Hemibrycon and Paragoniates, to which they are probably rather closely related.
Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 19
The African genus Hydrocyon has most of the characters of Characinz such as A/estes, from which it differs especially in the structure of the mouth. ‘The well-developed maxillary is firmly united by suture to the premaxillary, and the latter is movably articulated with the etliimoid. ‘The jaws are not much produced and the teeth are strong spaced canines ; the mouth can be widely opened, and by pulling down the lower jaw the upper can be readily made to move in a vertical plane until the edge forms an angle of 50° with its position when the mouth is closed *.
Family 2. Gastropelecide.
The South-American genus Gastropelecus has usually been placed near Chalcinus, but I find that whilst the latter is
Fig. 1.
Cleithrum and primary pectoral arch (except radials) of A. Gastropelecus pectorosus and B. Chalcinus trachypomus.
el, cleithrum ; cor, hypocoracoid ; sc, hypercoracoid (scapula) ; m, mesocoracoid,
extremely similar to Brycon in osteological characters, Gastro- pelecus is quite different. Gastropelecus is remarkable for its
* According to Boulenger (Cat. African Freshwater Fishes, i. p. 179) the premaxillaries are “ slightly movable vertically.” O*
—
20 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
deep strongly compressed body, with the thorax and abdomen expanded into a sharp-edged semicircular disc; the pelvic fins are very small and the pectorals are long, with the rays very strongly branched, except the first, which is stout and simple. The pectoral arch is quite unique in structure ; the hypocoracoids are ankylosed, forming a single bone, which is expanded below into a very large lamina that somewhat resembles a half-folded fan, the prominent radiating ridges of one side corresponding to the hollow grooves of the other ; the radials are represented by a single short and broad bone, with a concavity fitting the broad convex articulating surface of the hypercoracoid.
In most other characters Gastropelecus is not unlike Tetragonopterus, except that there is no fontanel and rather prominent longitudinal ridges border the well-developed muciferous channels on the upper surface of the head.
Family 3.” Xiphostomatide.
Osteological characters of the Characidee, but the small maxillary is firmly united by suture with the very long pre- maxillary and the upper jaw is somewhat movable. The snout is produced and tue mouth is large, with the teeth in the jaws small, uniserial; a band of minute teeth is present on the pterygoid; the scales are ciliated, the lateral line, when present, runs along the middle of the side, and the dorsal and anal fins are short, posterior.
South American ; carnivorous, pike-like fishes.
Xiphostoma, Luciocharax.
Family 4. Anostomide.
Upper jaw movable, the premaxillaries articulating with a pair of antero-lateral sessile facets on the mesethmoid ; maxillaries movably articulated with or adherent to the pre- maxillaries. Teeth, when well developed, compressed in- cisors ; palate toothless. Pterygoid rather broad posteriorly, overlapping the quadrate. Orbitosphenoid connecting ali- sphenoids and parasphenoid, nearly or entirely separated from the frontals. Dorsal fin median, short ; scales cycloid or ciliated; lateral line straight.
These fishes are South American.
‘The genera may be arranged thus :—
I, Mouth small, non-protractile; lips thick. Preemaxillaries trian- gular; inner ends of maxiliaries articulating with mesethmoid ; rami of lower jaw short and stout. Quadrate firmly united to pterygoid and przoperculum (Pl. II. fig. 1); hyomandibular as in the Characidee. (Anostamine.)
bo
Classification of the Order Ostariophysi.
A. Teeth well-developed in both jaws, uniserial, fixed incisors. Anostomus, Rhytiodus, Leporinus, Leporelius. B. Teeth very small, movable, labial, uniserial in both jaws, or in the upper only.......... ee ae ee Cenotropus.
II. Mouth wide, non-protractile ; lips thin or absent; jaws toothless. Premaxillaries expanded transversely, carrying the small maxil- laries away from the mesethmoid; rami of lower jaw moderately long, their transverse anterior portions slender. Suspensorium as in the Anostomine. (Curimatine.).. Curimatus, Anodus.
III. Mouth terminal, somewhat protractile, with thick lips concealing the maxillaries; teeth minute, labial. Preemavxillaries curved ; rami of lower jaw short, but formed as in the Curimatine. Quadrate movably articulated with the pterygoid in front and the preeopercle behind; mesopterygoid and metapterygoid firmly united by suture, but only loosely attached to the pterygoid and hyomandibular respectively (PI. I. fig.2); hyomandibular with a single head, fitting into a groove formed by the sphenctie and pterotic. (Prochilodonting.) ...... Prochilodus.
Family 5. Hemiodontida.
Premaxillaries small, movably attached to the ethmoid ; maxillaries well developed, articulated with or adherent to the premaxillaries, their inner extremities articulating with the mesethmoid ; mouth small, subterminal. Teeth uni- serial, in both jaws or in the upper only; palate toothless. Pterygoid movably articulated with quadrate, narrowed posteriorly, ending in a small condyle; mesopterygoid firmly attached to pterygoid and loosely connected with quadrate (Pl. IL. fig. 4). In other osteological characters essentially similar to the Characide. Dorsal fin short, median ; anal short ; scales cycloid; lateral line, when present, straight.
South American.
The principal genera may be arranged thus :—
I. Teeth fixed, conical or cuspidate, forming a single series in both jaws. Hyomandibular broad, two-headed. (Nannostomine.) Nannostomus, Characidium.
II. Premaxillaries with a single series of movable serrated incisors ; lower jaw with a rather sharp transverse toothless edge anteriorly, with or without 2 or3 small teeth laterally. Hyomandibular with a single head, fitting into a groove formed by the sphenotic and pterotic. (Hemiodontine.) .... Hemiodon, Saccodon, Parodon.
Family 6. Citharinide.
Upper jaw movable, the preemaxillaries articulated with a pair of antero-lateral apophyses of the mesethmoid ; maxil- lavies articulated with or attached to premaxillaries, their inner ends not reaching the mesethmoid. ‘Teeth in jaws
22 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
usually compressed, often cuspidate; palate toothless. Hyomandibular with a single head fitting into a groove ; pterygoid normally attached to quadrate. Orbitosphenoid \forming a long sutural union with frontals. Dorsal fin median, often rather elongate ; scales usually ciliated ; lateral line, when present, straight.
This very natural group of African fishes corresponds to the Ichthyoborinz, Distichodontinee, and Citharinine of Boulenger, after excluding from the latter the American genera Curimatus and Prochilodus.
In the following arrangement of the genera important differences in the structure of the lower jaw are for the first time taken into account :— ,
I. Rami of lower jaw widely separated for the greater part of their length, anteriorly slender and curved together, movably connected at the symphysis ; dentary and articulare firmly united *.
Scales strongly ciliated; maxillary rather large, movably articulated with preemax- illary ; upper jaw not or scarcely pro- jecting beyond the lower; teeth small, bicuspid, in 2 or 3 series. (Xenochara- CURE his ate bs aiela we Nia bia Bites Mate Boe Nannethiops, Neolebias, AXenocharax. Scales strongly ciliated; maxillary united with premaxillary ; upper jaw strongly projecting, toothless anteriorly; teeth very small, bicuspid, uniserial. (Hemz- SLICHhODONLING.).. cin; seablacs Myais eRes Fiabe Hemistichodus. Seales cycloid, or with the marginal teeth few and strong; maxillary small, adhe- rent to premaxillary; teeth minute, pointed or truncate, uniserial, on the labial margin. (Citharming.) ........ Citharidium, Citharinus,
II. Dentaries more or less massive, firmly connected at the symphysis, movably articulated with the articulares.
A. Mouth small, subterminal or inferior ; lower jaw short, with the rather massive dentaries merely coalescent; maxillary well developed, adherent to premaxillary; teeth small, bicuspid, in 1 or 2 series. (Distichodontine.).. Distichodus, Nannocharax.
B. Mouth terminal, rather large, the jaws produced ; dentaries very massive, united by a long suture; preemaxillaries similar to the dentaries, with the reduced maxillaries united to them by suture. (Ichthyoborine.)
No canines; teeth biserial, the outer strong,
compressed, bi- or tricuspid ; maxillary
CHLOPING THE PAPS 2... v ewe sees nee Eugnathichthys, Para-
phago, Phago.
* I find a well-developed angulare in Citharinus, as in other Characi- formes.
Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 23
Strong anterior canines; lateral teeth com- pressed, pointed, backwardly directed, uni- or bicuspid, uniserial, with or with- out minute inner teeth; premaxillary decurved posteriorly, excluding the max- Wary mom the’ pape, . i). ne eee Ichthyoborus, Mesoborus, Neoborus.
Division 2. GYMNOTIFORMES®*. |
These Neotropical fishes differ from the Characiformes externally in the short preecaudal region and anterior vent, long tapering tail, with the anal fin much extended and the caudal reduced or absent, absence of dorsal and pelvic fins, and restricted gill-openings. The mouth is non-prctractile and the maxillaries enter the gape. In cranial osteology the Gymnotiformes closely resemble the Characide, but the opisthotic is absent ; palatine and pterygoid bones are absent, but the other members of the hyopalatine series are well developed (Pl. II. fig. 3), and the mesopterygoid forms an extensive union with the parasphenoid and vomer. The suboperculum is reduced or absent. The post-temporal is simple ; the coracoids show considerable differences in struc- ture and development within the group. The vertebral column is similar to that of the Characiformes ; the centra of the first four vertebrae remain distinct and the anterior ribs are inserted on autogenous parapophyses. The anterior and posterior divisions of the air-bladder are connected by a narrow duct +.
The principal characters of the families and subfamilies are shown in the following synopsis :—
I. Maxillaries well developed, larger than premaxillaries. Hypo- coracoid >-shaped, the slender lower fork running downwards and forwards to the cleithrum; pectoral radials 4. Anterior nostril superior; vent below. the head; mouth usually small; dentition varied. Body scaly, compressed ; no electric organs; orbitosphenoid and alisphenoids well developed.
A. Mesocoracoid well developed ; lower limb of hypocoracoid meet- ing cleithrum near the symphysis ; anterior part of air-bladder enclosed in a bony capsule ; mouth toothless ; maxillary articu- lated with distal end of preemaxillary ; no caudal; uo adipose 1 eS IS coe CCRC: CE ee ara’ aeeaeen et te 1. Rhamphichthyide.
* Kigenmann and Ward, Proc. Washington Acad. vii. 1905, p. 159, give a systematic account of the genera and species, + Reinhardt, Arch. f. Naturg. 1854, p. 159,
24 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
B. No mesocoracoid; lower limb of hypocoracoid ending at edge of cleithrum far above the symphysis; air-bladder free; teeth, when present, small, pointed.......... 2. Sternarchide.
Maxillary with an apophysis articulating with a
facet on head of vomer; caudal fin present;
adipose fin represented by a long strip, lying
in a groove on the back and attached ante-
TAOTY), ict 4s nin vio ss ss oe CRUE Ree ee 2a. Sternarchine. Maxillary not directly articulated with ethmoid or vomer; no caudal; no adipose fin ...... 2b, Sternopygine.
Il. Maxiliaries very small. Hypocoracoid a small lamina; meso- coracoid present, but very small; lowest pectoral radial shorter than the next. Anterior nostril labial; vent jugular; mouth moderate; teeth in jaws strong, uniserial; palate toothless. No caudal; no adipose fin.
A. Body scaly, compressed, moderately elongate ; no electric organs ; a small fontanel; orbitosphenoid and alisphenoids well deve- loped, separating parasphenoid from frontals; 4 pectoral radials ; vertebra about 120... ....5 0 .ccok eee 3. Gymnotide.
B. Body naked, not compressed, very elongate ; large electric organs in the tail; no fontanel ; orbitosphenoid and alisphenoids appa- rently suppressed, the parasphenoid extending upwards to the frontals ; 7 or 8 pectoral radials; vertebrae about 250.
4, Electrophoride.
These Neotropical fishes have usually been placed in a single family, but I think that it will be readily admitted that the remarkable differences indicated above call for the recognition of at least four families.
lend
C.
Cleithrum and primary pectoral arch of A. Rhamphichthys rostratus, B. Sternarchus albifrons, and C. Gymnotus carapo.
el, cleithrum ; sc, hypercoracoid ; ms, mesocoracoid; cor, hypocoracoid ; r, radials.
UU
Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 2!
ie Family 1. Rhamphichthyide.
The genus Rhamphichthys includes fishes with a produced snout and toothless mouth, mental vent and anal fin origi- nating below or in advance of the eyes. The pectoral arch is more primitive in structure than in any other fishes of the group. The small capsule which contains the anterior portion of the air-bladder has a median aperture poste- riorly, and there is on each side an antero-superior opening which receives the end of the tripus. The vertebre are numerous (more than 140 in &. rostratus) ; the skull is very similar to that of Sternopygus, with the fontanel very large.
v
Family 2. ‘Sternarchide. -
The Sternarchine include the genera Sternarchus, Stern- archogiton, Sternarchorhamphus, and Sternarchorhynchus. In this subfamily the jaws are usually toothed, but the palate is toothless. I have examined the skeleton in Sternarchus albifrons, which has the skull smooth and rounded and the fontanel very small; the orbitosphenoid is paired, the two bones being separately united to the parasphenoid; the vertebrae number about 70.
I have satisfied myself by dissection that the pectoral arch is precisely similar in structure in. Sternarchus, Sternopygus, and Steatogenys, differing from that of Rhamphichthys in the smalier size of the hypocoracoid and the absence of a meso- coracoid.
Sternopygus and Steatogenys agree together and differ from the Sternarchine in the absence of adipose and caudal fins and in the structure of the skuli, the fontanel extending from supra-occipital to ethmoid, and of the mouth, a nodule of cartilage intervening between vomer and maxillary. In Sternopygus teeth are present in the jaws and on the meso- pterygoids, in Steatogenys the mouth is toothless, These two genera, with the allied Higenmannia and Hypopomus, constitute the subfamily Sternopygine. In Sternopygus macrurus there are more than 90 vertebre.
Family 3. Gymnotide.
This family includes but a single species, Gymnotus carapo (Carapus fasciatus), in most of its characters nearer to Electrophorus than to the members of the preceding group. The skull approaches that of Hlectrophorus in general form ; especially noteworthy is the curving upwards of the edges of
26 Mr. C. T. Regan on the
the parasphenoid, the breadth of the ethmoid, no doubt correlated with the strength of the premaxillaries, and the very small fontanel between the supra-occipital and parietals.
Family 4. Electrophoride *.
This family also contains only one species, the electric eel, Electrophorus electricus (Gymnotus electricus), differing from the preceding in the characters of specialization enumerated in the synopsis.
Division 3. CYPRINIFORMES.
Body deep or moderately elongate ; dorsal and caudal fins well developed ; pelvic fins usually present ; no adipose fin. Mouth toothless, typically protractile. Opisthotic small or absent ; posterior temporal fossa absent or variously deve- loped, when present with a single posterior aperture. Lower pharyngeals typically falciform, not cpposed to the toothless upper pharyngeals, but to paired posterior processes of the basioccipital, which may unite below the aorta. Hyopalatine and opercular bones all present ; palatine movably articulated with mesopterygoid. Post-temporal simple. -
Sagemehl (Morph. Jahrb. xvii. 1891, pp. 489-594, pls. xxviii. & xxix.) has given a detailed account of the cranial osteology of this group. ‘I'he skeleton is very similar to that of fhe Characiformes, but theré are some important differences,
In all the Cypriniformes the orbitosphenoid joins the alisphenoids behind, the lateral ethmoids in front, the frontals above, and the parasphenoid below. The palatine ends behind in a convex head which fits a concavity of the meso- pterygoid; internally it articulates with the “ septo-max- illaries,” which are usually ossified and firmly united to the vomer, appearing as antero-lateral apophyses of that bone, but may remain as cartilages intervening between the vomer and palatine. The “septo-maxillary” and palatine articu- late anteriorly with the maxillary, either directly or through the intervention of one or two pairs of “ submaxillary” or ‘¢ nre-palatine ” cartilages (Catostomide) or bones (Cobitide, Homalopteridee), which are more or less reduced in the Cyprinide.
‘The premaxillaries have ascending pedicels which are attached to the extremity of a movable “ rostral” bone; this is articulated with the vomer and is vertical when the
* On the electric organ, see Sachs, ‘ Untersuchungen am Zitteraal,’ 1881.
Classification of the Order Ostariophyst. 27
premaxillaries are retracted, horizontal when they are protruded.
The Cypriniformes correspond to the family Cyprinidae of Giinther, who, in 1868 (Cat. Fish. vii.), recognized four principal divisions, which have been accepted by all subse- quent authors. ‘These groups have sometimes been regarded as subfamilies, sometimes as separate families — Catosto- mide, Cyprinide, Cobitide, and Homalopteride.
Family 1. Catostomide.
Premaxillaries small and maxillaries entering the gape; lips usually fleshy ; no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth uniserial, oiten numerous; pharyngeal processes of basioccipital uniting below the dorsal aorta to form an expanded perforated lamella, rolled up at the edges, ending in a short blunt process, and not covered with a horny sheath. Mesethmoid broad, firmly united with frontals ; subtemporal fosse shallow ; a large lateral occipital foramen on each side of the furamen magnum ; paired fosse present in the temporal region, ‘open above and closed behind, but no posterior temporal fossee. Cleithra normally suspended from supra-cleithra, much expanded transversely. Air-bladder large, free, divided into two or three parts by transverse constrictions. Outer ramus of os suspensoritum strong, downwardly directed, with a transverse laminar expansion which meets its fellow ; transverse process of secona vertebra with a laminar expan- sion directed downwards and backwards, united by suture with the lamina of the os suspensorium,
Principal genera: Curpiodes, Cycleptus, Catostomus, Xy- rauchen, Moxostoma, &c., with about sixty species from North America, Mywxocyprinus, with two species from China, is related to Carprodes.
Family 2. Cyprinide.
Preemaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; one or two pairs of barbels or none. Pharyngeal teeth, when present, in one, two, or three series, not more than seven in one series ; pharyngeal processes of basioccipital typically united below the aorta to form a horizontal or oblique plate, flattish or concave below, supporting a horny pad*, and produced back- wards into a strong process for the attachment of the retractor muscles of the lower pharyngeals. Mesethmoid broad, firmly
* On the structure of this horny pad, see Gratzianow, Zool. Anz. xxiii, 1900, p. 66,
28 Mr. C. T. Regan on the’
united with frontals ; subtemporal fossee very deep; no temporal depressions, but supra-temporal foss more or less distinct, open behind, roofed by the post-temporal and some- times by the pterotic and parietal. Cleithra normally sus- pended from supra-cleithra. Air-bladder divided into two parts by a constriction, typically large and free, but sometimes reduced (Discognathus, Gyrinochilus), or the anterior part sometimes enclosed in a bony capsule formed by the ossa suspensoria (Rhinogobio, Saurogobio). Outer ramus of os suspensortum not connected with its fellow nor with the transverse process of second vertebra.
A fontanel is usually absent, but in Saurogobio it extends from the supra-occipital to the ethmoid, except for the frontal bridge. ‘The capsule enclosing the anterior part of the air- bladder in Rhinogobio is quite remote from the transverse processes of the second vertebra and is widely open behind. In Saurogobio the posterior aperture is reduced and there are lateral expansions with terminal orifices which bear some resemblance to those of the Cobitide; in this case, however, the transverse processes of the second vertebra are free except near their base, where they support the lateral ex- pansions, and the cavities of the latter do not communicate with that of the capsule and apparently contain diverticula of the paravertebral sacs.
There are probably at least 1000 species known from North America, Eurasia, and Africa.
A satistactory classification of the genera cannot be arrived at without monographirg the family, but the tollowing remarks may not be out of place.
The greatest variety of genera and species is found in Asia, which may be regarded as the original home of the group; and of all the genera which I have examined Opsariichthys seems to be the most primitive. The terminal mouth, wide gill-openings, large pseudobranchie, median dorsal fin, rounded abdomen, triserial pharyngeal teeth, complete series of circumorbitals, large posterior temporal fossee, and separate second and third vertebize are all features of generalization. The foramen between quadrate and metapterygoid, so charac- teristic of the Characitormes, is well developed in Opsari- tchthys; this foramen is also present in Chela, but is absent in all other Cyprinids. In Opsaritchthys the cleithra are formed much as in typical Characifermes, narrowing forwards to a point; many other genera with strongly decurved lateral line—Barilius, Danio, &c.—agree with Opsardichthys in the form of the cleithra, rounded or pointed anteriorly, and these are connected by genera such as Aspius with Leucescus
Classification of the Order Ostariophysi. 29
and its allies, in which the cleithra are more expanded and truncated anteriorly; all the American genera seem to be Leuciscines, and Alburnus and Abramis also pertain to this group, to which Ahodeus is nearly related; the Barbus group differs in that the cleithra are distinctly emarginate anteriorly.
These characters are not sufficiently well marked for the definition of subfamilies, and others, such as the pharyngeal dentition, the form of the pharyngeal process, &c., are of use only in defining genera or small groups of genera.
Giinther’s Cyprinina seems to be a natural group, after excluding the North-American genera, but to it should be added Rohteichthys aud Osteobrama, with the osteological characters of Barbus, and doubtless Leptvbarbus and Mystaco- leucus also; Tinca seems to be nearer to Barbus than to Leuciscus. The Rasborina and Danionina should be united and some of the Abramidina should be added to this group, some to the Leuciscina. Xenocypris is a Leuciscine, and the aberrant Semiplotus is, perhaps, nearest to it. LHypophthalm- ichthys is nearly related to the Barilius group.
Thanks to the kindness of Mlle. Dr. C. L. Popta, I have been able to examine a specimen of the remarkable Bornean Cyprinid, Gyrinochilus pustulosus, Vaill. This fish is evidently closely related to Descognathus, which it resembles in form, scaling, structure, and position of the fins, structure of the air-bladder, inferior mouth with the united lips ex- panded and papillose, and even in the groove on the snout and the disposition of the tubercles on the head. Gyrino- chilus differs externally from Discegnathus especially in the much broader lips, folded when retracted and when expanded recalling the suctorial disc of Petromyzon, and in the structure of the gill-opening, the upper part of which forms an in- halent orifice, the opercular membrane being curved inwards in front of the pectoral arch in this region. As described and figured by Vaillant, each branchial arch has a double series of gill-rakers developed along the upper edge of the gill, filtering the inhalent current of water. Internally Gyrinochilus is remarkable chiefly for the very long and much convoluted intestine, the slender toothless lower pha- ryngeals, the absence of a horny pad, and the reduction of the pharyngeal processes of the basioccipital toa pair of short blunt projections, much as in some Cobitidze and Homalo- pteridee.
Extraordinarily aberrant as G'yrinochilus is, its place in the system seems to be in the family Cyprinide next to Crossochilus and Discognathus ; to make it the type of a
30 Mr. C, T. Regan on the
separate family or subfamily would merely obscure its relationships *.
Some of the more typical genera are grouped in the following list :—Opsariichthys, Uhela; Burilius, Bola, Aspi- doparia, Danio, Nematadramis, Rasbora, Luciosoma, Nuria, Amblypharyngodon, Aspius, Scombrocypris, Chanodichthys, Pelecus, Culter; HHypophthalmichthys ; Leuciscus, Squalio- barbus, Xenocypris, Ctenopharyngodon, Chondrostoma, Ortho- don, Campostoma, LHybognathus, Cochlognathus, Hybopsis, Exoglossum; Alburnus, Abramis; Semiplotus ; Rhodeus, Acanthorhodeus, Achilognathus; Cyprinus, Carassius, Barbus, Cosmochilus, Leptobarbus, Rohteichthys, Osteobrama, Varico- rhinus, Gymnostomus, Psilorhynchus, Scaphiodon, Thynn- ichthys, Albulichthys, Labeo, Barbichthys, Dangila, Cirrhina, Osteochilus, Catla, Crossochilus, Discognathus, Gyrinochilus, Tinca, Aulopyge, Ehynchocypris, Pseudorashora; Lucio- brama; Oreinus, Schizothorax, Diptychus, Gymnocypris, Ptychobarbus, Schizopygopsis; Hemibarbus, Acanthogobio, Gobio, Pseudogobio, Leucogobio, Khinogobio, Saurogobio.
Family 3. Cobitide.
Preemaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; three pairs of barbels or more. Pharyngeal teeth uniserial, often rather numerous, on the inner and posterior edges of sub- triangular laminar expansions of the pharyngeal bones, which are scarcely talciform; pharyngeal processes of basicccipital sometimes very small, sometimes larger and meeting below the aorta, but never united and not supporting a horny pad. Subtemporal fosse shallow; a lateral occipital foramen on each side of the foramen magnum. Preorbital and sub- orbitals unossified. Cleithra normally suspended from supra- cleithra. Posterior part of air-bladder small or vestigial ; anterior part enclosed in a bony capsule, produced outwards on each side into an expansion with terminal orifice, connected by a duct with the skin above the pectoral fin; anterior wall of lateral expansion of air-bladder capsule formed by the transverse process of the second vertebra.
The numerous species of this family are chiefly inhabitants of mountain streams in tropical and temperate Asia. Three species are European and one is found in Abyssinia.
* Since writing the above I note that Mlle. Popta (Notes Leyden Mus. xxvii. 1906, p. 122) has described from Borneo Paracrossochilus biccrnis, a fish in many ways nearer to Gyrinochilus than either Crosso- chilus ov Discognathus, the lips folding in a similar manner when the mouth is shut.
Classification of the Order Ostartophys?. 31 The principal genera may be arranged thus * :—
I, Mesethmoid firmly united to frontals; skull depressed ; anterior part of air-bladder nearly divided into two, the lateral halves of the capsule connected only by a narrow bridge; no spine ; barbels 6or 8. (Nemachtling.).......0.0.5 Nemachilus, Diplophysa,
Oreonectes, Lefua.
II. Mesethmoid movably articulated with frontals; skull compressed ; air-bladder undivided, the central portion of the capsule sub- spherical. . (Cobitidine.)
A. Nospine; 10 or 12 barbels ; parapophyses ankylosed with centra. Misgurnus,
B, Lateral ethmoid a movable spine; 6 or 8 barbels; parapophyses Gistinch irom cantra, ......666.0.s Botia, Parabotia, Lepto- botia, Acanthopsis, Cobitis, Lepidocephalichthys, Jerdonia, Acanthophthalmus, Lepidocephalus,
Eucirrichthys, Apua.
Family 4. Homalopteride.
Pieemaxillaries excluding maxillaries from gape; three pairs of barbels or more. Pharyngeal teeth uniserial, often rather numerous ; lower pharyngeals falciform ; pharyngeal processes of basioccipital very small or absent; no horny pharyngeal pad. Skull depressed ; mesethmoid broad, firmly united to frontals ; subtemporal fosse deep ; lateral occipital foramina absent. Suborbitals ossified and preorbital large, extending forward to the end of the snout, supported by an anterior process of the lateral ethmoid. Cleithra directly attached to epiotics, expanded below to form horizontal lamine. Air-bladder reduced, completely divided into two lateral portions, each enclosed in a capsule formed by the os suspensorium and the transverse process of the second vertebra F each capsule with a lateral orifice beneath the skin and with an extended facet for articulation with the cleithrum.
This well-marked family includes a number of species from Southern Asia, which are readily distinguished by the nume- rous barbels, the subterminal or inferior mouth, the flattish lower surface, and the horizontal paired fins with the anterior rays simple, graduated.
Genera: Homaloptera, Lepturichthys +, Helgia, Balitora,
* Cf. Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus, xxiv. 1902, p. 183, for a synopsis of the genera.
+ Lepturichthys, gen. nov., type Homaloptera fimbriatum, Giinth., differs from Homaloptera in the long slender tail, with a dorsal and ventral series of plates, which are probably expansions of the neural and heemal spines.
32 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham on some
Octonema, Glaniopsis, Parahomaloptera, Crossostoma, Hemi- myzon *, Grastromyson (cf. Vaillant, Notes Leyden Mus. xxiv. 1902, p. 110).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Fig. 1. Hyopalatine and opercular bones of Leporinus frederict. Fig. 2. Ditto of Prochilodus lineatus.
Fig. 3. Ditto of Sternopygus macrurus.
Fig. 4. Ditto of Hemiodus kappleri.
p, frontal process of mesopterygoid ; pal, palatine ; pt, pterygoid ; q, quad- rate ; ms, mesopterygoid ; mt, metapterygoid; 4y, hyomandibular ; sy, symplectic; pop, preeoperculum ; op, operculum ; sop, suboper- culum ; zop, interoperculum.
III.—Some Records of Collembola new to England, with Description of a new Species of Oncopodura. By Joun W. SHOEBOTHAM, N.D.A.
(From the Cooper Laboratory for Economic Research, Watford, Herts.)
[Plate ILI. |
DuRING the last two and a half years the author has made collections of Collembola from several districts in England, but chiefly from the counties of Hertfordshire, Buckingham- shire, and Staffordshire. A list of the Hertfordshire Collembola was published last year , since when additional forms have been found. Several species have been found which prove to be new to the Hnglish fauna, including a hitherto undescribed form. ‘These records, with references to the original descriptions of the species, are given in the following paper. Order COLLEMBOLA, Lubb. Suborder ARTHROPLEONA, Born. Family Achorutide, Born. Subfamily Aczorvrivz, Born. Genus ACHORUTES, Templ., Lubb. . 1. Achorutes serratus, Agr. Achorutes serratus, Agren, (1904) pp. 5, 6, pl. i. figs. 5-7.
Loc. Staffordshire. Identification confirmed by Dr. Agren.
* Hemimyzon, gen. nov., type Homaloptera formosanum, Bouleng., pelvic fins 15- or 16-rayed, with extended bases convergent posteriorly, approximating to the Gastromyzon structure.
+ Collinge, W. E., and Shoebotham, J. W., “The Apterygota of Hertfordshire,’ Journ. Econ. Biol. vol. v. pt. 8, pp. 95-182, figs. 1-15 (1910).
Collembola new to England. 33
2. Achorutes schdfferi, Carl *.
Achorutes affinis, Schaffer, (1900) p. 250. Achorutes schifferi, Carl, (1901) p. 253.
Loe. Hertfordshire.
Genus WILLEMIA, Born. Willemia, Borner, (1901 6), pp. 428, 429. ;
3. Willemia anophthalma, Born. Willemia anophthalma, Borner, (1901 6) pp. 429, 480, figs. 6-8.
Loc. Buckinghamshire.
Subfamily Owvourvrrs, Born. Genus Onycuiurus, Gerv., Born. 4. Onychiurus affinis, Agr. Onychiurus affinis, Agren, (1905) p. 128.
Loc. Buckinghamshire.
5. Onychiurus furciferus (Born.). Aphorura furcifera, Borner, (1901 a) pp. 3, 4.
Loc. Buckinghamshire and Staffordshire.
Subfamily Nzawormz, Born. Genus PsEUDACHORUTES, Tullb.
6. Pseudachorutes corticicolus (Schiff.). Schottella corticicola, Schaffer, (1896) p. 176, figs. 34, 62.
Loe. Staffordshire.
Genus MicranuripA, Born. Micranurida, Borner, (1901 c) p. 702.
7. Micranurida pygmea, Born. Micranurida pygmea, Borner, (1901 ¢) pp. 702, 708, figs. 6, 7.
Loc. Buckinghamshire.
* The specific name affints had been previously used by Lucas for a species of Achorutes from Algeria.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 3
34 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham on some
Family Entomobryide, D. ‘T’. Subfamily Zwrouosrriwaz, Schiff., Born. Genus IsoToma, Bourl., Born.
8. Jsotoma violacea, Tullb. Tsotoma violacea, Tullberg, (1876) p. 36.
Loc. Buckinghamshire.
Genus ProrsoTomMa, Born.
9. Protsotoma minima (Absln.). Tsotoma minima, Absolon, (1901) pp. 32, 33.
Loc. Buckinghamshire.
Genus IsoTromopEs, (Axelson-) Linnaniemi*.
Isotomodes, (Axelson-) Linnaniemi, (1907) p. 129. (Name only, not described.)
10. Lsotomodes productus (Axels.).
Tsotoma elongata, Axelson, (1903) p. 6. Isotoma producta +, Axelson, (1906).
Loc. Staffordshire.
Subfamily Owcoropurrva, Carl und Lebed. Oncopodurine, Carl und Lebedinsky, (1905) p. 565.
Genus OncopopuRA, Carl und Lebed. Oncopodura, Carl und Lebedinsky, (1905) p. 564.
The following generic description is mainly after Carl and Lebedinsky, with a few modifications :—
Antenne short, 4-segmented, the last segment with sense- bristles. Ant. ili. and iv. not ringed. Postantennal organ externally present or absent. Eyes absent. Prothorax rudi- mentary, not seen from above. Mesothorax large, not pro- duced over the head, rounded in front. Abdomen iii. and iv. subequal. Furcula strongly developed. Dentes 1-segmented,
* Axelson, in 1906, assumed the name Linnaniemi, but, to avoid con- fusion between his earlier and more recent publications, he suggests that both names should appear in reference to his works published since 1906.
+ The specitic name elongata having been used by MacGillivray (1896), Axelson renamed the species producta in 1906.
i 2)
eo)
Collembola new to England. :
not ringed, with chitin hooks, ventrally with scales. Mucro very long, similar to that of the Tomocerine, but without basal teeth. Upper claw simple. A clavate hair present on the tibio-tarsus of the second pair of legs, situated about the middle of its length, absent on legs i. and iii. Scales present.
The genus Oncopodura was erected in 1905 for a species (O. hamata) found in the Sundurlu Cave in the Crimea, in Southern Russia. It was placed in a separate subfamily (Oncopodurine), and this arrangement was used in the syste- matic works of Wahlgren (1906) and Borner (1906). Ex--ept for the original paper, the author has not seen any other records of Oneopodura, and Dr, Carl informed him (in Wt. Nov. 1910) that he did not know of any other published
records.
11. Oncopodura crassicornis, sp.n. (Pl. III.)
Antenne short and thick, 4-jointed, slightly shorter than the head-diagonal (as 55:62). Ant. i.:ii.:iil.:iv.=8:11: 15:21. All segments covered with short hairs. Ant. iv. with four smelling-hairs placed in a row, without retractile sense-knob. Ant. i. and iv. not ringed; ii. with one smelling-hair at the distal end; i. broader than long. An- tennal organ ll. made up of two stout sense-stafts.
Eyes absent. Postantennal organ present, difficult to see, made up of six smooth somewhat triangular tubercles arranged in a ring (as in Anurtda maritima), situated lateral and slightly posterior to the base of the antenna.
Thorax i. small, not seen from above. Thorax ii. well developed, rounded in front, but not produced over the head, with a fine sensory hair on each side, over the base of legs ii. (Such hairs are apparently absent from the abdomen.)
Tibio-tarsus of leg 11. with an outstanding clavate hair, situated about the middle of its length, expanded spoon-like at its end. Legs i. and ili. without this hair.
Claw short, without inner or lateral teeth or pseudonychia. Empodial appendage lanceolate, without teeth, more than halt as long as the claw-diagonal (as 5:9). Preetarsal nairs long, only slightly shorter than the empodial appendage.
Abdomen iil. slightly longer than iv. Ventral tube short, not clavate. A ventral abdominal groove is present for the reception of the fureula. Tenaculum with four retaining teeth.
Furcula long. Manubrium ventrally with scales, dorsally with some simple and feathery hairs. Manubrium: dens: -mucro=38 : 24: 23 (measured ventrally).
3*
36 Mr. J. W. Shoebotham on some
Dens 1-segmented, thick at the base, but suddenly dimin- ished in size at about ? from the proximal end, with several chitin hooks and spines, as follows :—two large hooks at the distal end, inner and outer, both of which overreach the base of the mucro; three smaller, less curved hooks, situated about equal distances apart, on the inner side ; one straight spine on the outer side 2 from the proximal end. Dens ventrally with numerous scales, dorsally with several long feathery hairs. A feathery hair of uniform thickness arises at the base on a small tubercle, and a simple short hair is present on the outer side towards the distal end.
Mucro long and slender, with four teeth—apical, ante- apical, and two dorsal. ‘The relative distances of the teeth from the base are as follows:—17 : 26:35:39. The proximal dorsal tooth is stout, blunt, and directed towards the proximal end. The mucro is provided with a thin transparent lamella * or ‘‘mucronal sheath” which almost encloses it from the base to the second tooth, and a narrow pointed lamella is continued from the outer side beyond the apex of the mucro.
Body-form short and broad. The relative lengths of the body-segments as follows :—
Th. Abd. Head- > a er Ant. diag. il. ill. i 1. ae ews v. vi.
i BD 62") AGY)) 83 6 249 1284 4 30.) a ae
aS
—
Hair-covering short and scanty, but the head and body are thickly covered with broad rounded scales.
Colour white.
Length °6 mm.
Loc. Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire ; under stones.
Habits. ‘Vis species was found under stones amongst decaying leaves in a garden at the end of October 1910, and under stones embedded in soil at a place about } mile from the first locality in November and December. A single specimen was obtained at the end of February 1911.
They were only found when the ground was moist, and were not very active unless the light was strong, but when the sun was shining on them they quickly jumped away. Specimens were taken in December immediately after a sharp frost.
* These lamellee are not firmly attached to the mucro proper, as in some of the mucrones they had become detached.
Collembola new to England. a7
The two species of Oncopodura may be distinguished by
the following characters :—
O. hamata, Carl and Lebed.*
Antenne slender, segments as 1:2:33:4,
Postantennal organ absent (at any rate externally).
Claw with lateral lamella.
Proximal tooth of the mucro slender, pointed, directed towards the distal end.
Manubrium : dens : mucro = 26: TS. b7, ___Abdomen iy. a little longer than lil.
Relative lengths of teeth on mucro from base=17 : 34:45: 47.
Colour yellowish white.
Length 16-18 mm.
O. crassicornis, sp. 0.
Antenne 8:11:15: 21.
Postantennal organ present, of six tubercles.
Claw without lateral lamella.
Proximal tooth of the mucro stout, blunt, directed towards the proximal end.
Manubrium : dens : mucro = 38: 24 > 23.
Abdomen iv. a little shorter than ill.
Relative lengths of teeth on mucro from base=17 : 26:35: 39.
Colour white.
Length ‘6 mm.
thick, segments as
Suborder SYMPHYPLEONA, Born. Family Neelide, Fols.
Genus Nreuus, Fols.
12. Neelus minutus, Fols. Neelus minutus, Folsom, (1901) pp. 221, 222, pl. i. figs. 8-11.
Loe. Hertfordshire.
Family Smiuthuride, Lubb.
Subfamily Sauzwruveiwas, Born.
Genus SPHYROTHECA, Born.
Sphyrotheca, Borner, (1906) p. 188.
13. Sphyrotheca lubbocki (‘Tullb.). Sminthurus lubbocki, Tullberg, (1872) p. 38.
Loc. Staffordshire.
Except for S. lubbocki, all the species here recorded are new to the British Isles. -A. single example of S. lubbockié was recorded by Bagnall (1909) from the Kyles of Bute,
Scotland.
* The characters here specified are taken from the description and figures given by Carl and Lebedinsky (1905).
38 On some Collembola new to England.
fieferences.
Apsoton, K. (1901.) ‘ Zwei neue Collembolenformen aus den Hoéhlen des mihrischen Karstes.” Zool. Anz. xxiv. no. 634, pp. 82, 33, 4 fies.
Acren, H. (1908.) ‘Diagnosen einiger neuen Achorutiden aus Schweden (Vorliufige Mittheilung).” Entom. Tidskr. xxiv. Haft 2, pp. 126-128.
——. (1904.) ‘ Lapplindische Collembola.” Arkiv for Zool. ii, no. 1, pp- 1-80, pls. 1., ii.
Axrison, W. M. (1903.) “Weitere diagnosen iiber neue Co'lembolen- formen aus Finland.” Acta Soc. p. Fauna et Flora Fenn, xxv. NO. (pu 3.
——. (1906.) “Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Collembolenfauna in der Umgebung Revals.” Acta Soc. p. Fauna et Flora Fenn, xxviii, no. 2, pp. 1-22, 1 pl.
Bagnat, R. 8. (1909.) “Short Notes on some New and Rare British Collembola.’ Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, new series, iii. pt. 2, pp. 495-509, Re- print paged 2-16.
Borner, ©. (1901a.) “ Vorliufige Mittheilung tiber einige neue Apho- rurinen und zur Systematik der Collembola.” Zool. Anz, xxiv. no. 633, pp. 1-15.
——. (19018.) “Uber ein neues Achorutidengenus Willemia, sowie 4 weitere neue Collembolenformen derselben Familie.” Zool. Anz. xxiv. no. 648, pp. 422-488, figs. 1-9.
——. (190lc.) “Neue Collembolenformen und zur Nomenclatur der Collembola, Lubb.” Zool. Anz. xxiv. no. 657/658, pp. 696-712, figs. 1-10.
——. (1906.) “DasSystem der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums.” Mitth. aus dem Naturhist. Museum, Hamburg, xxiii. pp. 147-188, figs. a-c.
Cant, J. (1901.) “Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Collembola- fauna der Schweiz.” Revue suisse de Zool. ix. fasc. 2, pp. 243- 278, pl. xv.
,und Leprpinsxy, J. (1905.) “ Materialien zur Hohlenfauna der Krim —II. Aufsatz. Ein neuer Typus von Héhlenapterygoten.” Zool. Anz. xxviii. no. 16/17, pp. 562-565, figs. 1-6.
Forsom, J. W. (1901.) “Review of the Collembolan Genus Neeius
and Description of N. minutus, n. sp.” Psyche, ix. pp. 219-222,
ea.
INGE eee A.D. (1896.) “The American Species of Jsotuma.” Canad. Ent. xxviii. no. 2, pp. 47-58.
Linnaniemi, W. M. (Axstson). (1907.) ‘Die Apterygotenfauna Finlands.—I, Allgemeiner Teil.” Akademische Abhandlung, Helsingfors, pp. 1-184-+-i-xii, with map.
Scuirrer, C. (1896.) ‘ Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete.” Mitth. aus dem Naturhist. Museum, Hamburg, xiii. pp. 149-216, pls. i—iv.
——. (1900.) ‘Ueber wiirrtembergische Collembola.” Jabresh. d. Ver. f. Vaterl. Naturk. in Wiirrtemberg, lvi. pp. 245-280, pl. vi.
TuLtBERG, T. (1872.) “Sveriges Podurider.” Kong]. Svenska Vet.- Akad. Handl, x. no. 10, pp. 1-70, pls. 1.—xii. by
o——, | (1876.) 0" Collembola borealia—Nordiska Collembola.” Ofvers.
Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 39 Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl. Arg. 33, no. 5, pp. 28-42, pls. viii.
>a
Waunuaren, FE, (1906.) ‘Apterygoten aus Agypten und dem Sudan nebst Bemerkungen zur Verbreitung und Systematik der Collem- bolen.’ Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Kgypt and the White Nile, 1901, under the direction of L. A..Jagers- lidld, no. 15, pp. 1-72, figs. 1-52.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. All the illustrations are of Oncopodura crassicornis, sp. n. Fig. 1. Outline, from the side.
Fig. 2. Right antenna from above, showing also postantennal organ from the side.
Fig. 3. Three terminal joints of the antenna, showing sense-organs.
Fig. 4, Left postantennal organ and base of antenna.
Fig. 5. Mesothorax from the side, showing fine sensory hair.
Fg. 6, Manubrium and dentes from the side. (Nearly all the feathery hairs had been denuded from the dentes.)
Fig. 7. Mucro, with lamelle, trom the side.
Fig. 8. Tibio-tursus and foot of second leg, showing clavate hair.
Fig. 9. Outline of scale.
1V.—Notes on the Forficulariaa—XVIII. More new Species. By Matcoim Borr, D.Sc., F.E.S., F.Z.5., F.G.S.
Diplatys riggenbachi, sp. n.
3. Vertex tumidus; occiput depressum, carinulis acutis; pro- notum ¢ Q breve, pentagonale, postice subaneustatum ; elytra aleque perfecta; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ inflatum; segmentum penultimum ventrale ¢ basi latum, apicem versus angustatum, apice truncatum ; forcipis bracchia ¢ basi dilatata ac deplanata, tum attenuata, fortiter arcuata.
ua oo Long. corporis...... 13 mm. 10°5-12°5 mm. by etoroipia fife s5es | ier 2 bs
Size relatively large ; general colour rust-red.
Antenne fulvous, with about 22 segments, third not very long, fourth and fifth quite short, rest slowly lengthening ; cylindrical.
Head broad and depressed; sutures distinct; in the ¢ vertex tumid, occiput depressed, postocular keels sharp ; ia the @ vertex and occiput similar, postocular keels shorter ; eyes prominent.
40 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.
Pronotum ¢ ¢ small, subpentagonal, gently narrowed posteriorly ; prozona ample, tumid; metazona narrow, de- pressed ; orange-red.
Elytra ample, pubescent; dull black, with a long discoidal fulvous spot in anterior portion.
Wing-scales hairy, long, brown or blackish.
Legs fulvous.
Abdomen red-brown, pubescent.
Last dorsal segment ¢ inflated, broader than preceding, subquadrate, smooth, pubescent, with a median suture ; : with a pair of short, diverging, folded crests running over the insertion of the forceps, terminating in a convexity of the posterior margin, which is gently concave between these points. In @ simple, narrower, posterior margin gently produced over insertion of the forceps.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broad at the base and strongly narrowed apically, truncate at the apex itself; in the ? narrow, rounded at the apex.
Forceps with the branches in the @ strongly depressed and dilated in the basal third, this dilated portion denticulate on its margin and ending abruptly in a blunt tooth; beyond this point attenuate and strongly bowed ; the points meeting : in the @ simple, contiguous, almost straight, hooked at the apex.
West Africa: Cameroon, Garna, 12-19. iv. 09,2 ¢,5 9 (Riggenbach, 8S. G.; in Mus. Berlin).
‘Type in Berlin Museum.
This species somewhat resembles D. macrocephalus, D. gladiator, and D. falcatus. It differs in the characteristic form of the penultimate ventral segment of the male, also in the keels on the last dorsal segment, and the form of the forceps, though similar, is not quite the same.
Anisolabis owenii, sp. n.
Atra, pedibus fulvis ; statura mediocri, sat gracili; corpus dense punctulatum ; abdomen segmentis lateribus 6-9 acutis, paullo rugulosis, 6-8 carinulatis; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ magnum, utrinque tumido-inflatum; segmentum penultimum ventrale g obtusangulum; forcipis bracchia 3 subcontigua, apice arcuata.
Gong. corporis ean aee 17°5 mui. a5 EOTOLDIS > fC Eta es, 3
Build not very robust ; size medium; colour black.
Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. Gy: 5
Antennz with 17 segments, 1-2 orange, the rest grey- brown ; third rather short, fourth and fifth subglobular, the rest lengthening, subcylindrical.
Head tumid, black, feebly punctulate ; eyes prominent.
Pronotum black, anterior margin and sides straight, poste- rior margin very gently convex; median suture distinct, feebly punctulate.
Meso- and metanotum black, more densely punctulate.
Sternum typical, orange.
Legs orange ; tarsi long, first and third segments about equal.
Abdomen black, densely and rather coarsely punctulate ; sides of sixth to ninth segments acute and rugulose, sixth to eighth carinulate.
“Last dorsal segment ¢ ample, smooth, with distinct median suture, truncate “posteriorly, inflated at each side above into an incipient blunt tubercle or crest.
Penultimate ventral segment broad, obtusangular, the apex sharply pointed.
Pygidium narrow.
Forceps with the branches subcontiguous, stout, trigonal at the base, straight in basal half, apically attenuate and in- curved, feebly asymmetrical.
West Africa: Liberia (8S. G. Owen, 1 8, inc. m.).
This species is only known from the unique type in my collection, taken by Mr. 8. G. Owen, A.R.S.M., in Liberia. It is well characterized by the shane of the penultimate ventral segment. It resembles A. ingeliz, Burr, but differs among other points in the less strongly pitted abdomen and feebly punctulate thorax and head.
It also resembles A. turgida.
It differs from A. rufescens, Kirby, in the feebly punctulate and black head and thorax and angular penultimate ventral segment,
Anisolabis turgida, sp. n.
Rufo-castanea et nigra; caput et thorax levia; abdomen minute punctulatum; ¢ segmentis 5-9 lateribus acutis, rugulosis, obso- lete carinulatis ; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ magnum, sub- leeve, superne utrinque crista tumida instructum ; forcipis bracchia o remota, arcuata.
ars : Long. corporis ...... 15 mm. 14 mm. 5) PEGECHPIS! | 045 0s)'c) x ris ee ik
Build stout; size medium; general colour dark reddish chestnut to black.
. 43 Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia.
Antenne with 15 segmenis, uniform yellowish brown, rather long and rather thick.
Head deep red, smooth, sutures not very distinct.
Pronotum a little longer than broad, very slightly convex anteriorly and posteriorly, sides straight; almost parallel, very slightly diverging posteriorly; smooth, dark reddish brown, median suture distinct.
Meso- and metanota and first three abdominal segments smooth, black.
Sternal plates yellowish, typical.
Legs yellow; tarsi long, first and third segments about equal.
Abdomen feebly dilated, black, very finely punctulate ; sides of fifth to ninth segments in the ¢ acute (fifth rather teebly so), rugulose, and feebly carinulate.
Last dorsal segment ¢ ample, jet-black, nearly smooth, with distinct median suture; transverse, rectangular, nar- rower than the preceding ; on each side above there is a low, rather tumid, compressed crest, running into the elevation over the insertion of the forceps; in the 2 narrower, sloping, with no crest.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broadly rounded, punctu- late.
Forceps with the branches in the g remote, stout, trigonal at base, attenuate, cylindrical, and arcuate in apical half; inner margin finely denticulate: in 2 contiguous, straight.
West Africa: Cameroon (1 2, ¢.m.) ; Gendero, 2nd March, 1909 (Riggenbach, 8. G., 1 8, type, in Mus. Berlin).
This species is distinguished by the nearly smooth body, with fine and weak punctulation, and by the crests of the last dorsal segment of the male.
Anisolabis vicina, sp. n.
A. kristenseni vicina; differt statura minore, debiliori, pronoto rufo, abdomine rufescenti, forcipe g minus abrupte arcuato, margine interno toto crenulato, abdomine dorso punctulato, forcipis bracchiis 2 contiguis, rectis.
3
Long. corporis .... 18°5-19°5 mm. 15 -17 mm. be LOMEUDIS sim. 3- 3D ,, 275-3 gy
Size medium ; general colour deep reddish black ; head and thorax yellowish.
Antennee yellowish brown to blackish, basal segments often paler; third segment rather short.
Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 43
Head smooth, sutures distinct, deep red, shaded with black.
Pronotum smooth, bright orange-yellow anteriorly, nearly black posteriorly ; slightly broader than long, and slightly widened posteriorly, all sides straight.
Meso- and metanota smooth, black.
Sternum orange-yellow, the plates as in 4. kristensent.
Legs orange-yellow.
Abdomen moderately dilated, almost black, but with a distinct red tinge ; sides of fifth to ninth segments in ¢ acute and rugulose.
Last dorsal segment @ transverse, rectangular, nearly smooth, with a median depression.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broadly rounded, the apex truncate ; in ? obtusangular.
Parameres narrow.
Forceps with the branches in the ¢ remote, stout, tri- gonal in basal half, gradually attenuate apically, asymmetri- cally but gradually arcuate, the inner margin finely denticu- late ; in the 2 contiguous, straight, denticulate on the inner margin.
Abyssinia: Harrarand River Errer, 9 ¢, 6 2 (Staudinger and Kristensen, c. m. and Coll. Petersen); Gara Mulata, 1 3,1 9 (Erlanger and Neumann, in Mus. Berlin).
This species is closely related to A. feliz and A. kristen- seni; from the former it differs in the absence of the rectan- gular dilatation of the right branch of the forceps in the male and also in the yellow pronotum.
From A. kristenseni it differs in its smaller size, weaker build, and in coloration ; in that species the abdomen is jet- black above, in this it is a very deep red-black, the red tinge being quite distinct; the head usually has an indistinct black patch above, and the pronotum is clear orange-yellow in the anterior portion.
The sculpture of the abdomen is different, being a fine punctulation in this species. The forceps are much less abruptly attenuate and more regularly arcuate ; in the female the branches are contiguous and straight.
It answers well to the description of Celotolabis burri, Zacher, from north-eastern Africa, but the apical segment of the parameres is much narrower and less pointed apically
than appears to be the case in that species, judging from Zacher’s figure.
44 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.
Anitsolabis cethiopiea, sp. n.
Statura magna; colore atro, femoribus fulvis, nigro-geniculatis, tibiis fuscis ; abdomen segmentis 5-9 acutis, rugulosis ; forcipis bracchia ¢ prope basin sat dilatata, fortiter arcuata, asym- metrica; parameres breves, dilatati.
Long. corporis.... 23°5-26 mm. 20 —26°5 mm. 5) HOLCIPIS. pn = |), ALS =a ag, 4-5-6 x
Size large and build powerful; general colour jet-black, the femora orange.
Antenne yellowish-brown ; third segment relatively very long,
Head black, smooth, sutures distinct.
Pronotum nearly square, but wider than long and gently broadened posteriorly, all black, smooth.
Sternal plates black ; prosternum constricted.
Legs sometimes all black, sometimes femora orange-yellow tipped with black ; tibiae and tarsi dark, blackish brown.
Abdomen moderately dilated, jet-black, very finely and densely punctulate ; sides of fifth to ninth segments in ¢ acute and rugulose.
Last dorsal segment 3 2 nearly square and nearly smooth.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ obtusely rounded, apically truncate ; in @ rather acutely rounded.
Parameres short and dilated, outer margin sinuous and sharply pointed at the apex.
Forceps with the branches ¢ remote, stout, and trigonal, with an almost rectangular dilation on inner margin, abruptly attenuate and abruptly and asymmetrically bowed, unarmed ; in the 2 contiguous, straight at first, in apical half gently and asymmetrically sinuous, inner margin denticulate.
Abyssinia: Jakka and Kuhne, 8 g, 12 9 (Kristensen, coll. Petersen and c. m.).
This species closely resembles some forms of A. mauri- tanica, Luc., but differs in the basal dilation of the forceps of the male, thus approaching A. maritima, which has not bicolorous legs.
The colour is a much deeper black than in A. mauritanica, with no trace of red tint, the pronotum less decidedly trans- verse, the pitting of the abdomen denser and stronger.
From A. maritima it also differs in the finer pitting, more acute and rugulose sides of the abdomen in the ¢, and more decidedly truncate pronotum.
lt differs markedly from both in the short dilated apical
Dr. M. Burr—Notes on the Forficularia. 45
segments of the parameres, which agree with the description and figures of the parameres of Gelotolabis burri of Zacher ; the descriptions do not agree, so this species is distinct from G. burri; but if the genus Gelotolabis is to stand, this species will probably fall into it.
Anisolabis kristenseni, sp. n.
Statura sat magna; corpus atrum, capite pedibusque rufo-fulvis ; pronotum sublatius quam longius; abdomen ¢ sat dilatatum, segmentis 5-9 lateribus acutis et rugulosis; segmentum penulti- mum ventrale ¢ late rotundatum, apice truncatum ; parameres angusti, lanceolati; forcipis bracchia ¢ basi remota, triquetra, asymmetrica, haud dentata.
Pu. COLPOTIS,. 6 50) siais'0 = 21-23 mm. 20-2 A PAInig ix See PHORENDISe Ys sych 2 Seg £ ef 9) 3
Size rather large and build powerful.
General colour jet-black, the head deep orange-red and legs orange.
Antenne grey-brown, basal two segments yellowish.
Head smooth, tumid, deep orange-red, sutures distinct ; eyes small,
Pronotum nearly square, but slightly wider than long, all sides straight; slightly wider posteriorly than anteriorly ; smooth.
Meso- and metanotum smooth.
Sternum dirty yellow ; prosternum almost parallel-sided ; mesosternum rounded; metasternum truncate.
Legs orange-yellow ; tarsi long, first segments, with bristles and pubescence, as long as second and third united.
Abdomen moderately dilated before the apex in both sexes ; jet-black, the upper surface finely rugulose; in the ¢ the sides of segments 5 to 9 are acute and rugulose.
Last dorsal segment ¢ transverse, rectangular, nearly smooth ; in ? slightly narrowed.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broadly rounded, the apex truncate ; in 2 obtusangular.
Apical segment of parameres narrow, almost lanceolate, nearly four times as long as broad.
Pygidium ¢ 2 with a depression, but no tubercles.
Forceps with the branches @ remote, stout, trigonal in basal half, abruptly attenuate in the apical half, strongly and asymmetrically bowed, with no teeth, but nearly obsolete denticulation on inner margin; in the 92 feebly bowed,
46 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.
rather remote at the base, more gradually attenuate, the inner margin crenate, with one rather strong tooth.
Abyssinia: Jakka, 2200 m., and Kunhe, in the mountains, on the road from Harrar to Adis-Abba (11 ¢, 6 ?, Kristen- sen, Cc. M.).
This is a distinct and handsome species ; it rather resembles A, felix, Burr, but differs in the absence of the rectangular dilation of the forceps.
Spongovosiox schliferi, sp. n.
S. quadrimaculato vicinus ; ab eo differt tantum ; pygidio ¢ promi- nenti, latum, utrinque dilatatum, medio in lobulum longum linguzeformem producto.
Tone. Gorporia 2... 50%% 10 mm. ey (OLCUPIN tic c = kh 375 4,
In coloration, build, and structure generally exactly re- sembles S. guadrimaculatus, but the pygidium of the male is totally different, prominent, broad, dilated on both sides, the dilation ending on each side in an acute point, directed poste- riorly, the middle portion being produced into a long, parallel- sided, tongue-shaped lobe, rounded apically.
Kamerun, 1 ¢ (Schldfer, type in Berlin Museum).
Spongovostox spatulus, sp. n.
S. quadrimaculato vicinus ; differt pygidio dilatato, lateribus apice- que acuminatis.
ey. Long. ‘corporis ...... 8-9°5 mm, go ARTOMGNPMS i Sic tep.pohs 3-4 a,
Allied to S. quadrimaculatus, but the pygidium is different ; it is diamond-shaped—that is, dilated about the middle, with angular sides, and acute at the apex; the penultimate ventral segment of the ¢ is broadly rounded and gently sinuate in the middle of the posterior margin ; branches of the forceps straight, with a triangular lamination near the base to the inner margin, with a few nearly obsolete teeth.
British East Africa: Kibwezi, 1. ii. 08,1 3 (Scheffler). German East Africa, 2 6, 1 2 (Conradt). (Type in Berlin Museum.)
Spongovostox conradti, sp. n.
Statura robustiori; elytra immaculata; pygidium breve, latum, basi parallelum, apicem versus angustatum, apice ipso bifido ;
Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 47
forcipis bracchia ¢ remota, valida, basi subdilatata, apice ipso mucronata.
3. @ Long. corporis...... 75 mm. 6°5 mm. Pe POECIOIS. 25 2... 1 ye ae
Build rather stout ; general colour pale brown.
Antenne with 14 segments, yellowish brown, the ante- apical segments paler.
Head brown, smooth, broad, sutures cbsolete.
Pronotum brown, the sides and metazona much paler, broadened posteriorly, sides straight, ninder angles rounded,
Elytra ample, smooth, dull brown.
Wings prominent, very pale yellow, with a large brown spot.
Femora brown ; tibiz and tarsi pale yellowish.
Abdomen brown, rather broad, parallel-sided in the 3, narrowed apically in the ?.
Last dorsal segment ¢ rectangular, transverse; in the 9 narrowed,
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broadly rounded, sinuate in middle of posterior margin.
Pygidium ¢ short, broad, parallel-sided in basal half, then narrowed, the apex bifid, with short sharp lobes; in the short, parallel-sided, apically truncate.
Forceps with the branches in the ¢ remote, rather stout, depressed, subdilated in basal half, the portion ending in a minute sharp tooth; somewhat constricted beyond this, and then subdilated again to the apex, which is abruptly attenuate and sharply hooked: in the ? simple.
Togo: Bismarkburg, 11. vi-18.x.93, g and 2 (Conradt, in Mus. Berlin).
This species in size, build, and coloration approaches S. assiniensis; it differs in the form of the pygidium and forceps of the male.
Spongovostox kristensent, sp. n.
Statura mediocri vel minore ; colore fusco-castaneo, fulvo-variegato ; pronotum latius quam longius; elytra fusea, fulvo-maculata ; ale nigre, vel longe, vel abbreviate ; segmentum ultimum dorsale ¢ transversum, utrinque tumidum; pygidium ¢ brevissimum; latum, margine postico sinuato; forcipis bracchia ¢ valde remota, basi ipso triquetra, valida, et dilatata, abrupte attenuata ac deorsum curvata, dehine attenuata, arcuata, ante apicem dente parve armata.
fig Oo Long. corporis...... 75-8 mm. 6°5-7 mm, Ade’ TOLCIPISY 2a 4 3-3'79 ,, 24 tes
48 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.
Size small; general colour dark chestnut, varied with fulvous; shining; not very pubescent.
Antennz greyish brown, with 14-15 segments, cylindrical, fourth a little shorter than the third.
Head broad, smooth, sutures obsolete, tumid, dark chestnut- brown.
Pronotum a little broader than long, very slightly broader posteriorly than anteriorly, alike in macropterous and brachy- pterous forms, deep chestnut-brown, paler at the sides, which are gently convex, as also the anterior margin; posterior margin truncate.
Elytra ample, smooth, dark chestnut-brown, with a promi- nent orange spot in the anterior portion, which sometimes occupies the whole of the disc and is sometimes nearly obsolete.
Wings black, sometimes well developed, sometimes abbre- viated.
Legs yellow.
Abdomen rather broad, subparallel-sided, deep red, very finely punctulate, almost smooth.
Last dorsal segment ¢ transverse, smooth, truncate poste- riorly, feebly depressed in the middle ; inflated at each angle to a tubercle, which is sometimes merely tumid, sometimes developed into a mammeeform tubercle: in the ? simple.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ 2 ample, broad, very gently rounded posteriorly.
Pygidium ¢ very short, not protruding, broad, posterior margin sinuate; @ hidden.
Branches of the forceps remote; strong, trigonal, and dilated at the base itself, then abruptly attenuate, bent down- wards, somewhat bowed, and arcuate, to meet at a small nearly obsolete tooth just before the apex: in ? simple, contiguous.
Western Abyssinia: Kuhne, in the mountains, on the road from Harrar to Adis Abba, many specimens (G'. Kristensen).
This species is closely allied to the West-African S. tuber- culata, Borelli, and S. rubra, Borelli; the coloration is different, and the forceps, though of the same general type, are different in detail. In these species the last dorsal segment is furnished at each angle with a very prominent, sharp, stout, conical tubercle, quite different from the some- times mammeform tumid elevation of S. kristensent.
Mr. Kristensen sent me a good number of specimens; the commonest form is brachypterous, with the elytra almost entirely orange-yellow on the disc ; a few males are macro- pterous, and they have the yellow spot much feebler, smaller,
Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. 49
and darker. In the females the two forms occur in about equal numbers.
The brachypterous and macropterous forms are, at first glance, very different in appearance, but I am convinced that it is merely a case of dimorphism, such as is common in earwigs.
Labia owentt, sp. n.
Parva, colore atro, forcipe alisque aurantiacis; corpus pilosum;
mee eae a ee ; pygidium ¢ prominens, fere parallelum, apice bispinuloso; for- cipis bracchia ¢ arcuata.
Cir G. Long. corporis...... 55-6 mm. 6 mm. ayy LOL CUBIS) , pr.2) 5s PS 11-5 ,,
Small; densely clothed with bristles; general colour jet- black, the wings and forceps deep orange.
Antenne with 13-14 segments ; fourth about half as long as third, fifth nearly equal to third; all cylindrical ; 1-2 black, 3, 7, 8 orange, the rest blackish.
Mead smooth, tumid, sutures obsolete, broad, jet-black.
Pronotum jet-black, transverse, all sides very gently con- vex, angles rounded; prozona feebly tumid; covered with close, short, yellow pubescence.
Hlytra broad, jet-black, densely clothed with black bristles and golden pubescence.
Wings with golden pubescence, deep orange-red, with black sutural band.
Femora and tibie black, the former rather thick ; tarsi yellowish.
Abdomen broad, jet-black, with golden pubescence.
Last dorsal segment smooth; transverse in ¢, narrowed a9.
Penultimate ventral segment ¢ broad, posterior margin roundly emarginate on each side, with a rounded median lobe; in 2 rounded.
Pygidium ¢ prominent, depressed, nearly parallel-sided, gently narrowed apically, the apex itself roundly concave, with a sharp spine on each side; in the ? almost conical, strongly narrowed, with two minute spinules at the apex.
Forceps with the branches in ¢ deep orange, tipped with black, gently arcuate.
West Africa: Liberia (2 ¢, 2, S. G. Owen, c. m.).
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 4A
50 Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia.
This striking little black and orange species I first con- fused with Z. marginalis; but, apart from the distribution of colours, the form of the forceps and penultimate ventral segment of the male are distinctive.
I have pleasure in dedicating it to my friend Mr. 8. G. Owen, A.R.S.M., who took it in Liberia. ;
Platylabia styligera, sp. n.
Statura minore; caput, pronotum, elytra, ale nitida, atra; abdo- men, pedes, forceps lete rufa; pygidium ¢ longum, valde acu- minatum : forcipis bracchia 3 leviter arcuata, meta dente forti acuto armata.
Long. corporis.......... 45-55 mm. NS LORCIpIS Nels oegayang on
Size small; build moderately slender.
Antenne yellowish brown, with about 10 segments, all cylindrical, fourth about as long as the third.
Head shining black, smooth, and broad; eyes small; poste- rior margin feebly sinuate.
Pronotum shining black, slightly longer than broad, sides parallel, truncate posteriorly ; anterior margin rather strongly convex, ending in a small but distinct neck.
Elytra and wings well developed, smooth, shining black.
Legs orange-yellow, not very long; femora thick, tarsi slender.
Abdomen bright orange-red, parallel, with long thin ‘bristles at the sides ; lateral tubercles obsolete.
Last dorsal segment ample, smooth, quadrate ; posterior margin gently tumid over roots of forceps.
Pygidium Jong and narrow, thick at the base, produced to a slender, long, sharp spine.
Forceps with the branches remote, straight at first ; elon- gate, depressed, feebly arcuate apically, with long fine bristles; armed in the middle of the inner margin with a depressed, long, sharp tooth directed apically.
Annam : Phuc Son, November and December (A. Fruh- storfer, 2 & inc. m.).
The armature of the forceps and pygidium of this little species is very distinctive.
Type in my collection.
Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia. HY |
V.—Notes on the Forficularia.— XIX. On Uitle-known Earwigs from Formosa. By Maucotm Burr, D.Sce., EES Wea. HGS.
In 1905 and 1907 Professor T. Shiraki, partly in collabora- tion with Professor S. Matsumura, published four papers on the Dermaptera of Japan and Formosa, describing a number of new species.
Unfortunately the work is not good, the descriptions often insufficient, and the species with difficulty recognizable.
The four papers in question are exceedingly difficult to obtain, and I was unable to find a copy in England. Even- tually a copy was kindly lent me by Mr. A. P. Semenoff- Tian-Shansky, of St. Petersburg, at whose request I reviewed them, and critically discussed them at length in the ‘ Revue russe d’Entomologie,’ pp. 335-340 (1909), and gave my reasons for suggesting affinities for the species described, judging from the often very inadequate and old-fashioned descriptions. ‘This paper was in Russian, but a translation in English appeared in the ‘ Entomological Record,’ 1910,
oad. s By good fortune I have received or come across five species from Formosa which I am able to identify with five of Shiraki’s species, and it is gratifying to find that in every instance the examination of the specimens confirms the suggestions, which were only based upon the descriptions. These five can therefore be removed from the limbo of doubtful and unrecognizable forms, into which practically all of Shiraki’s species had been thrown, and take their proper
place in the system.
Euborellia pallipes, Shiraki.
Shiraki describes a female under the name An/‘solabis pallipes (Tr. Sapporo N. H. Soc. i. p. 93, fig. 3, 1905/06).
The description does not tell us much, but the figure is suggestive of a large H. stalz, on account of the form of the rudimentary elytra.
In the Munich Museum there is a male from Kushaku, Formosa, which I refer with no hesitation to this species ; it is a trifle larger, the length of the body being 10°5 mm. com- pared with Shiraki’s figure of 7°1 mm. for the female.
It is very closely allied to H. stal’, Dohrn, but the build is slenderer and the punctulation feebler ; the elytra are very narrow at the base, whereas they are practically parallel-
sided in #, stalt, The pronotum is a little shorter and 4*
52 Dr. M. Burr— Notes on the Forficularia.
broader, truncate posteriorly, with the hinder angles sharp, whereas in JE. stali they are gently rounded off. ‘I'he forceps are a little less remote and less curved and the last dorsal segment a little narrower.
Anechura crinitata, Shiraki.
Apterygida crinitata, Shir. Tr. Sapporo N. H. Soc. vol. i. pt. 2, p. 11 (1905/06).
Shiraki does not figure this species, but from his description it is evident that it is an Anechura or an Allodahlia, as I suggested in my review.
I have received a small series from Tainan agreeing with his description which are referable to Anechura and closely related to A. torquata, Burr, from Tonkin, of which it may be regarded as a local form.
It is a smaller and feebler insect, the colour is darker, and the forceps weaker in every respect. It is very hairy. The elytra vary from nearly black to dark chestnut, banded exter- nally with tawny.
Shiraki refers to the basal antennal segment as “dreikantig.” I think this must be a mere mistake of observation.
Forficula harbereri, n. n.
Forficula ruficeps, Shiraki, op. cit. p. 8 (1905/06) (nec Erichson, nec Burmeister).
The description shows this to be a true Forficula, which I suggested in my review of Shiraki’s work.
In the Munich Museum I have found a single male from the mountains in the north of Formosa, taken by Harberer at the end of May.
Superficially it resembles J”. auricularia, and the build and coloration are very similar; the forceps recall those of F. ro- busta, Sem., but it cannot be confused with that powerful species. ‘he dilation of the forceps extends through about two-thirds of their length, and ends with no tooth, at a slightly obtuse angle; the apical third is elliptically arcuate: the forceps are much the sameas in J’. imprevista, Burr (Hast Africa), but much less arcuate ; they still more closely resemble those of the more powerful £’. rodzianko7, Sem. (Hast Africa), or at least those specimens, often referred either to /, rod- ciankot or LF, senegalensis *, in which the dilation ends with no tooth.
* Until the true relationship and status of the Ethiopian members of Forficula are determined,
Dr. M. Burr—WNotes on the Forficularia. 53
Timomenus aeris, Shiraki. Apterygida aeris, Shir. op. cit. p. 9 (1905/06).
Shiraki described this species upon a single female, and gave no figure ; I did not venture to hazard a guess as to its position.
I have received a small series from Tainan and Kosempo, representing both sexes, the female of which agrees so well with the description that I do not think there is any doubt as to its identity.
It is an elegant and well-marked species, undoubtedly referable to Timomenus ; the last dorsal segment of the male is compressed laterally, and has exactly the appearance of having been pinched together between a finger and thumb.
The basal antennal segment, especially in the male, is swollen or inflated, much more strongly in the male than in the female. The forceps of the male, which vary in length from 6 to 12 mm., are contiguous and depressed at the base, elongate, slender, and attenuate, gently arcuate in the apical half, the slender tips overlapping in repose ; there is a short sharp tooth in the middle.
It is closely related to 7. shelfordi, Burr, from Sarawak, agreeing almost exactly in structure, but differing entirely in coloration.
Timomenus flavocapitatus, Shiraki. Apterygida flavocapitata, Shir. op. cit. p. 10 (1905/06).
My suggestion that this species may be referable to Timo- menus proves correct ; I have two males, one from Tainan and one from Kosempo, which agree with the description. It is the largest member of the genus and perhaps the most elegant earwig known. The longest pair of forceps measures 15 mm. Its nearest relative is 7. nevilli, Burr, from the Himalayas. It resembles that species generally in build and appearance, in the green sheen of the pronotum and abdomen, contrasting with the dull elytra and wings, and in the form of the forceps.
It differs in the pale yellow head, strongly contrasted with the rest of the body, but chiefly in the form of the pronotum ; in 7. nevilli this is rounded and a little narrowed posteriorly, and the sides are gently rounded; in this species the sides are quite parallel and the posterior margin is convex or obtuse-angular.
54 On a new African Fish,
VI.— Description of a new African Fish of the Genus Clarias from Lake Rukwa. By G. A. BouLENGER, F.R.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
Lirrie is known of the fishes of Lake Rukwa, south-east of Lake Tanganyika. ‘Twelve species have been enumerated by Hilgendorf and Pappenheim (Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1903, p. 259), the determinations of some of which appear to be in need of revision. On the occasion of a recent visit Mr. F. H. Mellard has been so good as to preserve a few fish for the British Museum; among these I may notice Amphilius platychir, Gthr., Clarias gariepinus, Burch., and a new Clarias which I propose to name, in memory of the late
Prof. Franz Hilgendorf,
Clarias hilgendorfi.
Depth of body 64 times in total length, length of head 42 times. Head 1? times as long as broad, smooth ; occipital process longer than broad, acutely pointed ; frontal fontanelle sole-shaped, 24 times as long as broad ; occipital fontanelle narrow, elongate, partly on occipital process ; eye very small, 3 times in length of snout, 6 times in interorbital width, which is a little less than 3 length of head; band of pra- maxillary teeth not quite 4 times as long as broad ; vomerine teeth granular, forming a curved band which is nearly as broad as the premaxillary band ; nasal barbel 2? length of head, eee 1}, outer mandibular nearly 1, inner man- dibular 2, Gill-rakers few, 12 on first arch. Clavicles Boneanled under the skin. Dorsal 73, its distance from occipital process } length of head. Anal 62. Dorsal and anal extending almost to the very root of the caudal. Pectoral not quite } length of head, spine short, strongly serrated on both sides. Ventrals very small, 12 times as far from caudal as from end of snout. Caudal 3 length of head. Uniform blackish brown ; caudal with a narrow light edge.
Total length 130 mm.
A single specimen.
Allied to Cl. leviceps, Gill. Distinguished by the granular vomerine teeth, fewer gill-rakers, fewer dorsal and anal rays, and a longer and narrower occipital process.
On new Tree-Frogs from Dutch New Guinea. 55
VI1.—Deseriptions of Three new Tree-Frogs discovered by Mr, A. E. Pratt in Dutch New Guinea. By G. A. BouLencer, F.R.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
Lyla prattt,
Tongue subcircular, slightly nicked; vomerine teeth in two small groups between the choanze. Head as broad as long ; snout rounded, scarcely prominent, hardly as long as orbit ; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region oblique, con- cave; nostril equally distant from eye and from end of snout ; interorbital region as broad as the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, not quite half the diameter of theeye. Outer fingers distinctly webbed at the base, toes three-fourths webbed ; disks as large as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles small, feebly prominent; no tarsal fold; no outer metatarsal tubercle. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout ; tibia a little more than half as long as head and body. Upper parts with more or less distinct small flat warts, lower granulate. Bluish grey above in spirit (green in life?), uniform or with small irregular black spots, whitish beneath, throat sometimes speckled with greyish. Male with an external vocal sac and brown nuptial rugosities on the inner finger,
From snout to vent 50 mm. °
Three specimens from Wendessi ; others from the Arfak Mountains at an altitude of 8000 feet.
Hylella chloronota.
Tongue oval, slightly nicked. Head as broad as long; snout rounded, scarcely prominent, as long as orbit ; canthus rostralis distinct ; loreal region nearly vertical ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about half the diameter of the eye. Outer fingers one-third webbed ; toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks of fingers as large as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles moderate. The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches the tip of the snout; tibia not quite half length of head and body. Skin smooth above ; throat, belly, and base of lower surface of thighs very coarsely granulate; no fold across the chest. Green above, white beneath, the green colour forming a narrow stripe along the upper surface of the thighs. Male with an internal vocal sac and brown nuptial rugosities on the inner finger.
58 Mr. G. A. Boulenger on new
From snout to vent 27 mm.
Two specimens from the Arfak Mountains at an altitude of 8000 feet.
Hylella longicrus.
Tongue subcireular, slightly nicked. Head as broad as long ; snout rounded, scarcely prominent, shorter than orbit ; canthus rostralis distinct; loreal region oblique, concave ; interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, not quite half the diameter of the eye. Outer fingers half-webbed ; toes nearly entirely webbed ; disks of fingers as large as the tympanum; subarticular tubercles very feeble. ‘The tibio-tarsal articulation reaches considerably beyond the tip of the snout; tibia three-fifths length of head and body. Skin smooth or finely areolate above ; belly and base of lower surface of thighs granulate ; throat smooth; no fold across the chest. Green above ; flanks, upper surface of thighs, and hands and feet colourless, with green dots or reticulation ; a white band from below the eye to the angle of the mouth ; throat and belly white.
From snout to vent 33 millim.
‘wo female specimens—one from Fak Fak, the other from
Wendessi.
VIII. — Further Descriptions of new Freshwater Fishes discovered by Dr. W. J. Ansorge in Portuguese Guinea. By G. A. Boutencer, F.R.S.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
BErForE leaving Portuguese Guinea Dr. Ansorge has sent to the British Museum a further large series of fishes obtained at or near Bafata, among which are representatives of two new species to be added to the six described in the April number of these ‘ Annals’ (vol. vil. p. 373).
Synodontis annectens.
Intermediate between S. sorex, Gthr., and S. clarias, L. Agreeing with the former in the length of the snout, which is more than half the length of the head and three times the diameter of the eye in the adult, with the latter in the maxillary barbel, Further differs from S. clarias in having the spine of the dorsal fin perfectly smooth in front and the serration on the inner side of the pectoral spine much more feeble in the adult.
Freshwater Fishes from Portuguese Guinea. 57
This Synodontis was already represented in the collection of the British Museum by a specimen from Nianimaru, Gambia, presented by the late Mr. J. S. Budgett, to which I have specially alluded in my ‘Fishes of the Nile,’ p. 379, and which I then felt inclined to regard as a distinct species. Now, with several species before me, obtained by Dr. An- sorge in the Culufi and Geba Rivers, I feel compelled to bestow a name on the long-snouted specimens, notwith- standing the fact that somewhat similar examples, as regards the proportions of the head, occur in the Nile, according to Vaillant (N. Arch. Mus. viii. 1896, p. 105).
The largest specimen measures 270 mm.
Tilapia brevimanus.
Depth of body 23 to 22 times in total length, length of head 3 times. Head twice as long as broad, upper profile convex ; snout as long as broad, slightly longer than eye, which is 34 times in length of head, equals interorbital width, and sligitly exceeds depth of preorbital ; mouth ex- tending to between nostril and eye; outer teeth moderately large, bifid, 50 to 60 in upper jaw, followed by 4 or 5 regular and well-separated series of smaller tricuspid teeth ; 3 series of scales on the cheek, the vertical diameter of the scaly part below the eye 3 to 2 diameter of latter. Giil- rakers short, 13 on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XVI 12; spines increasing in length to the last, which measures about 2 length of head; soft portion pointed, pro- duced into a long filament in the male. Anal III 8; third spine longest, as long as last dorsal, soft portion produced like the dorsal. Pectoral a little shorter than head, not reaching vertical of origin of anal. Ventral produced into a long filament, reaching vent or anal. Caudal truncate. Caudal peduncle nearly as long as deep. Scales not denti- culate, 31-32 °,; lat. lines i» Yellowish olive above, whitish beneath ; 8 or 9 dark brown cross-bands on the head and back, not descending to the belly, the first between the eyes ; fins olive, dorsal and anal with yellowish spots at the base ; a dark basal spot at the origin of the soft dorsal.
Total length 130 mm.
Several specimens from the Geba River.
Distinguished from 2. melanopleura, A. Dum., by the more elongate form, the shorter pectoral fin, and the larger eye.
58 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some
1X. — On some Tipulide (Limoniine) from Ceylon in the British Museum Collection, with Descriptions of Hight new Species. By F. W. Epwarps, B.A.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
Tue insects treated of in this paper were contained in three collections made in Ceylon and presented by the collectors to the British Museum :—
(1) Mr. E. E. Green’s collection, made between 1888
and 1897.
(2) Lt.-Col. J. W. Yerbury’s collection, made in 1890-92.
(3) Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher’s collection, made in 1907-8.
Only the insects belonging to the subfamily Limoniine (Tipulide brevipalpi, O.-S., Limnuobiide, auctt.) are here described. These all belong to widely distributed genera, but many of the species are of considerable interest. The occurrence of the genus Styringomyia in this region is interesting; it seems to have a very wide range in the tropics of the Old World.
Of the sixteen species represented in the three collections, eight are here described as new, while of the remaining eight only four (Hriocera crystalloptera, E. humberti and LE. albo- notata, and Conosia irrorata) had previously been recorded from Ceylon. The species of Eriocera, as has been noticed before, vary to a rather remarkable extent, particularly in their neuration.
1. Yhrypticomyia saltens, Dol. Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xiv. p. 390, pl. i. fig. 8 (1857) (as Limnobia).* Syn. Dicranomyia saltans, Ost.-Sack. Berl. ent. Zeit. 1882, p. 88.
Although there are marked differences between this species and 7. auripennis in the neuration, it is here referred with- out any hesitation to the genus Thrypticomyia. In the structure of the antenne, and the shape of the wings and abdomen, there is hardly any divergence; these three characters I regard as the essential ones of the genus.
As the original description was rather short, and in Dutch, I append another :-—
Antenne 14-jointed, but the last joint constricted in the middle, so that they appear almost as though they were
Tipulide from Ceylon. 59
15-jointed ; bristles very similar to 7’. auripennis ; slightly shorter than thorax. Thorax ochreous brown (2) or dark brown (¢), of the characteristic subglobular shape. Legs very long and thin, dark fuscous ; cox ochreous in male ; apical 2 of metatarsi white, the last four joimts white, tinged with reddish ochreous in the male ; metatarsi three times as long as the remaining four joints together, those of the front legs somewhat longer than those of the other two pairs. Wings hyaline, with coppery reflections ; stigma dis- tinct, about twice as long as broad ; cells round the apex very ‘short ; the preefurca springs from the first vein heen Z of the wing’s length; au xiliary vein terminates ut about 3, with the subcostal cross-vein at its tip ; marginal cross-vein slightly beyond middle of stigma, at the tip of the first vein, which tip being bent up to the costa, there is no super- _numerary cross-vein; axillary terminates slightly beyond tip of auxiliary. Halteres very long (about equal in length to the whole thorax), blackish, base of stalk in male ochreous. Abdomen brown, much narrowed at base in both sexes; fleshy lobes of male genitalia unusually long.
Length of body 9 mm.; wing 9 mm. Doleschall gives the length as 24’, but indicates the correct length (4/”) in his figure.
In connection with the peculiar habits of a species of this genus in the Seychelles Islands, noticed by Mr. Hugh Scott in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. part 1, p. 82, it is interesting to find a reference to the habits of J. saltens. Osten-Sacken states that, according to Doleschall, “‘It is often found in dwellings, principally in the corners, in large numbers, dancing up and down in the air ; they keep so close together that they seem to hold each other in dancing, and to form a regular chain.” In view of Scott’s interesting discovery, which he says required close and careful observation to find out, 7. e, that the Seychelles species hangs in chains from fine web-threads, it seems possible that 1’. saltens uses cob- webs in the corners of rooms for a similar purpose.
Hab. Uva P. Madulsima, 25. v, 1908, 1 ¢ and 1 9 (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).
2. Thrypticomyia longivena, sp. u., 2.
Ochracea, alis hyalinis, tarsis pedum posticorum albis ; vena media- stinali post ortu prefurcz in costa terminata.
Head: antenne brownish, slightly longer than thorax ; 14-jointed, last joint with the apical half narrower, so that it has the appearance of being divided. Joints of flagellum
60 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some
strikingly pedicellate, the glabrous pedicels occupying from 2 to 4 the length of the joint, and being only } as broad as the broadest part; broad portion more or less conical, the apex of the cone being towards the base of the joint ; these broad portions are provided with a verticel of fine hairs, three or four shorter bristles and one longer dorsal bristle, the hairs being 2, the shorter bristles about 14 and the longer about 24 times as long as the breadth of the conical portion of the joint. Thorax ochreous, mesonotum with a rather broad dark brown central stripe reaching back to the suture. Legs rather dark brown, cox and femora towards base ochreous, posterior tarsi and apical fifth of tibiz white, tarsi somewhat brownish tinged towards tip; middle tarsi brown like the femora and tibiz. Posterior tarsi scarcely more than half, middle two-thirds, as long as their tibiz. Anterior legs missing. Wings hyaline, with golden reflections, but less brilliant than in the other species of the genus; a distinct though rather diffused stigma. The wing has the typical cuneiform shape, but there is a slight indication of an anal angle. Base of basal cells at 4 of wing-length. Media- stinal vein reaching costa much beyond origin of prefurca, about halfway between that and the apex of the first longi- tudinal vein. Subcostal cross-vein close behind apex of mediastinal vein. Marginal cross-vein and tip of first longitudinal rather indistinct, forming an obtuse angle about the middle of the stigma. Discal cell subquadrate, great cross-vein about } of the way along its lower side. Halteres rather long, stalk ochreous brown, knob. dark brown. Abdomen only slightly constricted at base, brown, apical segments ochreous, venter ochreous.
Length of body 4°5 mm. ; wing 5 mm.
This species must apparently come in the genus Thrypti- comyia, though like 7’. saltens it shows considerable divergence from the type, notably in the long mediastinal vein, the less elongated wings, and the less constricted abdomen. Un- fortunately we have no male.
Hab. Dondra, 3. xii. 1907, 1 2 (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).
3. Geranomyia fletcheri, sp. n., 9. Fusca, alis unicoloris subfuscis, rostro thorace vix longiore.
Head including rostrum and antenne dark brownish black. Autennal joints cylindrical, 14 times as long as broad, Rostrum slightly longer than thorax ; palpi apparently two- jointed, placed just before middle of rostrum. Thorax dark brownish black, with a small ochreous-brown spot on each
Tipulidee from Ceylon. 61
side on the front margin of the mesonotum, and another above and behind the insertion of the wings. Legs dark brown, coxe ochreous brown, femorasomewhatlighter towards base. Wings uniformly fuscous-tinged, unspotted except for the stigma and a faint brown cloud at the base of the preefurea. Mediastinal vein reaching costa considerably beyond origin of preefurca, subcostal cross-vein near its tip. Marginal cross-vein nearly three times as long as the up- turned tip of the first longitudinal, with which it is nearly in aline. Second posterior cell with a rectangular base ; third longer than second, its upper margin rounded towards the base. Great cross-vein at or just before the base of the discal cell. Halteres with the knob brown, the stem ochreous. Abdomen dark fuscous.
Length of body 5 mm. (excluding rostrum) ; wing 6 mm.
Hab. Madulsima, 21. xii. 1907 (2 2), 19. v. 1908 (type ¢ ) (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).
4. Libnotes peciloptera, O.-S. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xvi. p- 403.
Pundaluoya (/. E. Green).
5. Teucholabis cyanea, sp. nu.
Cyanea, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo ; pedibus luteis, femoribus apice nigris incrassatis ; alis fasciis 4 fuscis.
Head shining dark purple, almost metallic, slightly hairy on vertex. Antenne with the scape ochreous, the flagellum fuscous, clothed with a rather dense pubescence; joints ovate-cylindrical, about twice as long as broad. 'horax shining blue-black, submetallic ; mesopleurse dull whitish. Legs: coxz, trochanters, and basal 2 of femora ochreous, apical fourth of femora brownish or purplish black, preceded by a pale ochreous ring; the apices of all the femora are thickened, those of the hind legs to the greatest extent. Tibize and tarsi of the fore and mid legs greyish ochreous, darker towards the tips. Hind tibiz with the basal two- thirds ochreous, apical third blackish and somewhat thickened. Hind tarsi blackish except for basal half of metatarsus, which is ochreous. /JVings hyaline, iridescent, with four brown cross-bands, which are darker towards the costa: the first of these is at the base of the basal cells, the second is mainly before, but includes the origin of the prefurca ; the first extends only halfway across the wing and is connected with the second by a longitudinal brown patch occupying
62 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some
the space between the fifth and seventh veins ; the third and broadest band includes the cross-veins, lying mainly beyond them, it is broadest in the middle of the wings and extends to the apex of the discal cell; the fourth band occupies the whole of the apex of the wing. The prefurca arises about the middle of the wing, and is obtusely angulated near its base. Marginal cross-vein considerably beyond the fork of the radial vein and near the termination of the subcostal. Smal] cross-vein almost in a line with base of submarginal cell, situated at the base of the discal cell. First posterior cell very slightly contracted at apex. Discal cell very narrow, tapering almost to a point at the base. Sixth vein slightly sinuous. Wing-margin indented at the terminations of the sixth and seventh longitudinal veins. Great cross- vein a little beyond the base of the discal cell. Halteres black, apical half of knob white. Abdomen with the first segment and the base and sides of the second shining blue- black, the remainder of the dorsum purplish brown, somewhat shining; venter brown.
Length of body 3°5 mm.; wing 4 mm.
The uniform blue-black colour of the dorsum of the thorax will distinguish this species from any other in the genus. It is the smallest species, except for T. polita.
Hab. Madulsima, 19. v. 1908,1¢ (7. Bainbrigge Fletcher) ; Bentota, 18. vi. 1890, 1 @ (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).
6. Styringomyia ceylonica, sp. n., 3. Griseo-ochracea, pedibus annulatis, antennarum art. 2 nigro, thorace vittis 2 anterioris nigro-fuscis; alis nigro-punctatis, apicis venarum pallide infuscatis.
Head greyish ochreous, with black bristles ; tips of palpal and first antennal joints darker; second antennal joint entirely black. Thorax: prothorax dark brown at the sides, greyish ochreous in the middle, with a dark median line posteriorly ; a tuft of black bristles on each side in front. Mesonotum with the ground-colour cinereous above, ochreous at the sides; two distinct blackish-brown bands, closely approximated in front, somewhat divaricated behind, con- tinued as far back as the suture as narrower and lighter bands ; outside these on each side is a narrow, indistinct brown band, starting from a small pale ochreous depression near the front margin; behind the suture are two brown spots; two distinct rows (one on each side of the median line) of black bristles. Scutellum greyish ochreous, with two black bristles. Metanotumdark brown, Pleure greyish
Tipulidae from Ceylon. 63
ochreous. Legs greyish ochreous; all the femora with two complete brown rings, on the front pair at 3 and 4, on the middle pair at 2 and ?, and on the hind pair at 4 and } of the distance from base to apex of femora; knees narrowly brown ; tibiz with the apex dark brown, middle tibize with a distinct brown spot in the middle of the upper side (this is only faintly visible on the other legs); tarsi light greyish ochreous, tips of first four joints light brown, whole of last joint blackish. Wings subhyaline, ochreous-tinged ; distinct blackish spots on the small cross-vein, the two outer angles of the discal cell, the junction of the great cross-vein with the fifth longitudinal, and before the apex of the seventh ; terminations of all the veins slightly clouded with fuscous. Great cross-vein just before middle of discal cell. Seventh vein with its tip bent downwards at right angles to the main portion, a stump arising from the angle, which is nearly as long as the terminal portion of the vein. Ha/teres uniformly ochreous. Abdomen dark greyish ochreous, all the segments with narrow brown apical bands. There is a continuous median longitudinal brown band, which looks as though it were due to the presence of food in the gut. Genitalia with the upper lobes longer than the lower.
Length of body 6 mm.; wing 4°5 mm.
Hab. Weligama, 9. 11.1908, 1 ¢ (7. Bainbrigge Fletcher).
7. Trentepohlia trentepohlui, Wied. Aussereur zweifl. Ins. 1, 551, 18.
Weligama; Galle (7. Bainbrigge Fletcher) ; Tamblejam (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).
8. Trentepohlia (Mongoma) pennipes, O.-S. Berl. ent. Z. 1887, p. 204.
Trincomali (Li.-Col. Yerbury); Pundaluoya (E. E. Green).
Although Bigot, in 1854, gave no satisfactory definition of Trentepohlia, he clearly indicated the type as Limnobia trentepohlii, Wied., and consequently his name cannot be rejected. Mongoma, Westw., was not published until 1881, but it will be useful to retain this latter name asa subgenus, including those species with four posterior cells, Trentepohlia in this restricted sense having only three. The two sections are closely allied, and no doubt are best included under one genus. I have compared balsam preparations of the genitalia of these two Ceylon species, and they are very
64 Mr. F. W. Edwards on some
similar indeed. 7. pennipes, O.-S., is said to have two spines near the base of the front femora; specimens which I have examined from the Seychelles Is. show two long and three or four short spines or bristles in this position. 7’ ex- ornata, Bergr., and a closely allied species from W. Africa, have about eight small short spines on the underside of the front femora near the base. This, again, indicates that we are here dealing with only one genus. There are several undescribed African species of this genus in the British Museum.
9. Conosia irrorata, Wied. Aussereur. zweifl. Ins. 1.574. 3. Dondra; Galle; Bentota (7. B. Fletcher).
10. Eriocera crystalloptera, O.-S. Berl. ent. Z. 1887, p. 222.
Madulsima (7. B. Fletcher) ; Pundaluoya (£. E. Green) ; Haputale (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).
The female is larger than the male, but otherwise very similar.
11. Eriocera humberti, O.-S. Berl. ent. Z. 1887, p. 221.
Pundaluoya (#. EH. Green), 2 9.
A specimen without an abdomen from Uva P. Madulsima (7. B. Fletcher) has the thorax entirely velvet-black, but otherwise agrees with E. humberti, of which it may be the undescribed male.
12. Eriocera ctenophoroides, sp.n., § ?.
Rufa, abdomine nigro nitido; pedibus brunneis; alis fuscis, maculis tribus albis apicalibus.
Head black, witha black pubescence. Antenne 8-jointed in both sexes, but the last four joints indistinctly separated ; scape dark fuscous, flagellum ochreous brown. Palpi blackish. Thorax entirely brick-red, velvety in appearance, except fcr a line round and just below the mesonotum, which is shining and translucent. Post-alar calli and pro- tuberance below root of wing with tufts of black hairs. Legs uniformly dark brown, except for the red coxe; densely covered with somewhat accumbent black pubescence ; stout and shorter than usual in Eriocera, giving the insect a very Ctenophora-like appearance, which is heightened by the form and colour of the abdomen. Wéings dark brown, lighter towards the anal margin and in the centre of some
Tipulidee from Ceylon. 65
of the cells; a small, long and narrow, more or less crescent- shaped spot in the outer marginal cell, a very small triangular spot in the first submarginal, and a large semicircular spot in the outer portion of the second submarginal and first posterior, white, all reaching the wing-margin.
There are some very interesting features in the neuration : the uppermost of the three veins proceeding from the discal cell is curved downwards, in the type male to such an extent that the second posterior cell is completely closed at its apex ; in the type female the small cross-vein is absent, the first basal cell being open. I have not met with eitaer of these variations in any other Tipulid. Halteres brown, knob somewhat darker, stalk hairy. Abdomen deep black, except the first segment and the ovipositor, which are reddish; for the most part brilliantly shining, but there are apical velvety bands on segments 2-6, these are broadest on segments 2-4, and broaderin the female thanin the male. Venter entirely dull. The abdomen is much broader in the middle.
Variety. One female has the thorax entirely velvet-black aud the legs darker.
Length of body 16 mm. (without ovipositor) ; wing 15 mm. ; legs 27-28 mm.
This species is allied to LZ. selene, O.-S., and £. albonotata, Lw. From the former it differs in its larger size and in the absence of the central lunule of the wings.
Hab. Kandy, 19. v. 92 (type ¢); Kottawa, 24. iv. 92 (type 2); Pallamadulla, 17. vi. 92 (1 2) (Lt.-Col. Yerbury).
13. Eriocera albonotata, Lw. Ber. d. Berlin. Akad. p. 658 (as Limnobia).
Kandy; Pallamadulla; Passara; Trincomali (Lt.-Col. Yerbury) ; Pundaluoya (#. EH. Green); Diajatalawa (T. B. Fletcher).
This species apparently has its nearest ally in the pre- ceeding, the wing-markings of some specimens being identical. It seems to be very common and very variable. In one variety the abdomen is entirely dark; in another there are no dark tips to the tibie. The thorax and the last three abdominal segments are sometimes black, some- times brown, and the white spots at the tip of the wings are in one form very much smaller.
14. Eriocera scutellata, sp. n., SQ.
Flava, thorace nigro trivittato, scutello flayo, alis brunneis non maculatis; fronte bituberculata.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. d
66 On some Tipulide from Ceylon.
Head orange, darker brown behind the eyes, dark-haired. Front with two prominent tubercles. Scape of antennz dark brown; flagellum ochreous, blackish towards the tip. Thorax ferruginous orange ; mesonotum with three longi- tudinal black-brown stripes; the median one is narrowed behind and extends almost back to the suture, where it is seen to be double; the lateral stripes broaden out behind the suture and extend as far as the scutellum. Scutellum orange-yellow. Metanotum dark brown. Legs: femora ochreous with blackish tips ; tibiz and tarsi blackish, tibiz more ochreous towards the base. Wings a uniform ochreous brown. In the female the discal cell of one wing is open. Halteres brownish. Abdomen in male deep orange, first segment brown, segments 2—4 with black lateral borders, segments 5-7 all black except for a narrow apical orange border; in female lighter orange with a black lateral line.
Length of body, ¢ 18 mm., ? 15 mm.; wing, ¢ 24 mm., 9? 16 mm,
Hab. Pundaluoya, 1 g, Sept. 1892, and 1 ?, Oct. 1897 (E. &. Green).
There is little doubt that the two specimens belong to the same species, though they differ in the colour of the abdomen and the length of the wing.
15. Lriocera tuberculifera, sp. n.
Lutea, thorace antice flavo, postice fusco; alis brunneis non maculatis ; pedibus luteis; fronte trituberculata.
Head orange-yellow. Front with a pair of very prominent tubercles just above the antennz, and above these with a smaller median tubercle. Antenne with the basal half ochreous yellow, the apical half dark fuscous. Thorax fuscous brown ; mesonotum yellow in front, the yellow colour not extending as far back as the suture. Legs uniform ochreous. Wings uniform ochreous brown, very like those of the preceding species. Halteres dark fuscous. Abdomen orange ochreous, with a dark lateral line.
Length of body 14-17 mm. (without ovipositor) ; wing 14-17 mm.
Hab. Pundaluoya, type 2, Nov. 1888, one other 9, July 1889 (H. E. Green).
16. Evriocera fusca, sp. n.
Fusca, pedibus subcyaneis, alis non maculatis.
Head, thorax, and abdomen nearly uniform dingy fuscous.
On the Culicid Genus Eretmapodites. 67
Front rather produced, but not bituberculated. Legs dark fuscous, with submetallic bluish reflections in some lights. Wings uniform fuscous. Neuration, as usual in this genus, is rather variable: in the type male there is a supernumerary cross-vein in the second posterior cell, which in the right wing is bifurcated, so that the left wing has two discal cells and the right wing three. The antenne are tinged with ochreous, and there are indications of two paler stripes on the thorax alternating with three dark ones.
Length of body 10-13 mm.; wing 8-11 mm.
Hab. Pundaluoya, April 1889, type ¢ and ? and two other males (/. 7. Green).
This species seems to be most closely allied to EZ. morosa, O.-S., from which it differs (judging from Osten-Sacken’s description) in the less intense black colour, in the bluish reflections on the legs, and in the shape of the discal cell ; the third posterior cell is here, as usual, longer than the second.
X.— On the Culicid Genus Eretmapodites, Theobald. By F. W. Epwarnps, B.A.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
THE object of this paper is to clear up certain points of synonymy in the genus Hretmapodites without entering into any discussion of the generic position. The species certainly form a well-marked group, and can be treated of as such, whether or not the group be worthy of generic rank. J may, however, point out that there is very little to separate this genus from Desvoidya.
A certain amount of confusion appears to have arisen between the two species described by Mr. Theobald, £. quin- quevittatus (Mon. Culicid. 1. p. 280, 1901) and EL. austenii (Mon. Culicid. v, p. 572, 1910). Mr. E. E. Austen, of the British Museum, had placed the following note under the series of 1. quinquevittatus :—
““N.B.—It appears to me that the four specimens from Wilberforce, Freetown (EK. K. Austen), in the top row above are specifically distinct from the three from the same locality in the next row. The latter belong to the following species [H. austenit], which is distin- guished by the marking of the dorsum of the thorax,
5x
68 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the
and the more noticeable enlargement of the tip of the hind tibiw in the g¢. Im the typical Z. guinquevittatus the thorax is not conspicuously striped at all.—E. E. Austen, 22. xii. 04.”
To this Mr. C. S. Banks (of the Bureau of Science, Manila), who visited the Museum some three years ago, added the following :—
‘“‘T quite agree with Mr. Austen regarding the ab- sence of special (quinquevitte) markings in the ¢ or @ type of HE. quinquevitiata and believe that Theobald must have mixed his specimens after describing and
before labelling them. C. 8. Banks. 9. ix. 08.”
On the suggestion of Mr. G. A. K. Marshall I have gone carefully into the matter, examining critically every specimen of the genus (seventy-three altogether) in the British Museum. As a result I have come to a somewhat different conclusion from that of Banks. The results of my examina- tion may be set forth as follows :-—
(1) Theobald’s description of E. quinquevittatus applies to the male of one species and the female of another.
(2) The insect described by Theobald as EH. quinque- vittatus 9 was redescribed by him, together with its true ¢, as EL. austenii.
(3) The insect Theobald described as E. quinguevittatus 8 was redescribed by Graham, together with its true 2, as E. chrysogaster.
Were this all, the riddle would be comparatively simple. But the female insect labelled “ E. quinquevittatus type” IS of the same species as the male type, and agrees with the description of chrysogaster, but not of quinquevittatus. Thus Banks’s conclusion was in the main correct. It looks as though Theobald drew up his first description before he recognized that he had two species before him, and so was not sufficiently careful in choosing his types. The best course seems to me to be to ignore the type label and follow the description, in which case the two species will have to be known as guinguevittatus (with a striped thorax and simple hind tarsi in the male) and chrysogaster (with unstriped thorax and feathered hind tarsi in the male).
A scrutiny of the series of 2. melanopous*, Graham, showed that here also two species, if not three, had been confused.
* I have not felt myself justified in Latinizing the spelling of Dr. Graham’s names.
Culicid Genus Eretmapodites, Theobald. 69
One or two specimens are undoubtedly Z. chrysogaster, while two males do not agree with the description of the male of any known species, and are therefore described below. The majority of the specimens forming the series seemed, how- ever, to agree closely with the description of EH. inornatus, Newstead, and I therefore wrote to Mr. Newstead, who very kindly presented to the Museum a pair of Z. cnornatus from the original Congo series. A comparison of Graham/’s series with the specimens received from Mr. Newstead shows that EE. melanopous, Graham, is undoubtedly a synonym of EZ. inornatus, Newstead. Dr. Graham’s description was made before Mr. Newstead’s, but was not published till two years later. A single specimen of this species taken by Major F. Smith at Sierra Leone was in the series of Z. guin- quevittatus.
I at first believed that Giles’s Uranotenta nitidiventer (which, as stated by Banks and Carter, is synonymous with his Riunchomyia philippinensis) should be placed in this genus, owing to the close similarity in scale-structure and colouring. A more careful examination, however, showed that this species is a Phoniomyia, and is, in fact, Theobald’s P. d7- maculipes. The name nitidiventer will have to supplant bimaculipes. In this species, as in several others of the genus Phoniomyia, there appear to be no hairs on the metanotum. Giles evidently allowed his imagination to have free play in describing this insect, as it is clear from his types that what he called the “ frontal protuberance” is the structure which is present in all mosquitoes and is called by Theobald the clypeus ; the prothoracic lobes, too, are of perfectly normal form. Unfortunately no male is known.
The golden-yellow coloration of the venter in Hretmapodites would seem to be a good generic character, though it has sometimes been overlooked by previous writers owing to the fact that when the abdomen is not distended with food the venter is hidden and the sides seem to meet in the mid-ventral line. Consequently some species have been described as having the venter banded with black and silver; this is not the case, as both sexes of every species have a golden-yellow venter. Sometimes the venter is completely entolded except at the extreme base, and then it is very difficult, without reference to other specimens, to make out what has happened.
The larve of two species are known. Dr. A. C. Connal bred a series of /. tnornatus from larve found at Lagos in the shell of a large land-snail. 2. chrysogaster was bred in numbers by Dr. A. D. Fraser from larva found in an empty lemon-skin at Kasala Forest, Mpumu, Uganda.
70 Mr. IF’. W. Edwards on the
Dr. A. Ingram has also bred £. chrysogaster, and sent (23. iii. 1909) the following notes from Ashanti :—
“ Notes relative to Eretmapodites chrysogaster, Graham.
“ Ova appear to be laid singly like Stegomyta ova, often not actually upon the surface of the water, but on the side of the vessel almost in contact with the surface of the water. Larve are long and worm-like, bear some resemblance to the larvee of Stegomyia, having a short syphon-tube hanging almost perpendicular to the surface of the water when at rest, and moving with a lashing worm-like motion when disturbed. ‘‘he most marked characteristic of the larva, however, appears to be the length of time it can spend browsing at the bottom of the vessel; lying horizontally and crawling about like a worm, it can remain ‘ below’ for longer periods of time than any other Culew larva I have seen.
“ Pupe are very active when disturbed, but, like the larva, spend much time at the bottom of the vessel, ‘sitting’ in a characteristic attitude upon their tails and swaying gently backwards and forwards.
“ EH. chrysogaster, like Stegomyia, is a ‘house’ mosquito ; the ova are laid in small collections of stagnant water in tins, calabashes, &c. The eggs are never very numerous, less so than those of Stegomyia; at least Stegomyia and Hretma- podites larve are frequently associated together in small collections of water, and the former are always in the majority.
“T have never known £. chrysogaster to ‘ bite.”
“ Akrokerri, Ashanti, 5/3/09.”
Brief Diagnoses of the Species.
1, E. quinguevittatus, Theob. — Prothoracie lobes silvery- scaled. Mesothorax golden-scaled, with five sharply- defined lines of black scales ; when denuded pale ochreous brown. Hind tarsi of male simple.
2. E. conde?, Ventrillon *.—Prothoracic lobes with flat silvery scales. Mesothorax golden-scaled, with two longitudinal lines and a continuous marginal line black; when denuded pale ochreous brown.» Hind tarsi of male simple.
I can see nothing to separate this species from
* ‘ Archives de Parasitologie,’ ix. 1905, p, 444.
Culicid Genus Eretmapodites, Theobald. 71
EF, quinquevittatus, but as the specimens in the British Museum ate all rubbed, I refrain from sinking the name as a synonym. ‘The only difference that is apparent from the description is the absence of the median black line on the thorax; the original specimens may have been in bad condition.
3. H. inornatus, Newstead.—Prothoracic lobes with flat silvery scales. Mesothorax mainly dark-scaled, with an anterior submedian pair; a lateral pair and a median posterior golden line. Colour of chitin dark brown. Male with simple hind tarsi; the penultimate segment of abdomen with lateral silvery spots ; claspers of geni- talia with dark scales.
4, E. grahami, sp. n., g .—Prothoracic lobes with flat silvery scales. Mesothorax mainly dark-scaled, with scattered yellow scales, but without distinct markings, chitin dark brown. Hind tarsi simple. Penultimate segment of abdomen with lateral silvery spots; claspers of genitalia with light scales.—Described from a male from Obuasi, Ashanti, 8. viii. 1907 (Dr. W. M. Graham) : type, and one other specimen from same locality, taken 13. x1. 1907, in British Museum (Natural History).
Since no females are yet available for examination, it is impossible to give characiers applicable to both sexes; the study of further material may, indeed, prove that E. grahami is only a form of the following species. Dr. Graham has examined these two specimens, and agrees that they are apparently distinct from any previously described species.
5. BE. ehrysogaster, Graham.—Prothoracic lobes with flat silvery scales. Thorax without distinct markings, chitin variable in colour, from rather light brown to almost black. Hind tarsi of male feathered, but the amount of scaling varies somewhat. Penultimate segment of abdomen usually with a continuous silvery band across the dorsum ; claspers of genitalia with light scales.
As in all other species belonging to the present genus, there is a variable number of yellow upright scales on the head mixed with the black ones; this character cannot therefore be used, as it was by Newstead, for the separation of H, inornatus and E. chrysogaster.
6. E. leucopous, Graham.—Protioracie lobes with narrow- curved yellow scales. ‘thorax with rather obscure dark
72 On the Culicid Genus Eretmapodites.
stripes, chitin dark brown. Last two joints of hind tarsi white in both sexes. Claspers of ¢ genitalia hardly scaly.
7. E. oidipodeios, Graham.—Prothoracic lobes with narrow- curved yellow scales. Thoracic markings somewhat like those of H. inornatus, but the yellow markings more extended and not sharply defined. Hind tarsi of ¢ bent, with a tuft of long hair. Claspers of genitalia hardly scaly.
Table for determining the Species of Eretmapodites.
1, Prothoracic lobes covered with flat silvery scales .. 2. Prothoracic lobes entirely without flat silvery scales. 6.
2, Hind ‘tarsi ofmmale simple ..2).0 sis wees eee ess 3. Hind tarsi of male feathered ; thorax without distinct T1150) STS RO APES PION ARS OR SEER: AES LA SOR TOR NEES chrysogaster. 8, Thorax without distinct markings................ grahami. Dhorax distinctly striped: 5 aisle 2% cree cies lols. sbule > ; 4, Thorax light-coloured, with distinct black stripes .. 5. Thorax dark-coloured, with narrow golden stripes.. nornatus. 5. A median black longitudinal stripe on thorax...... guinquevittatus. No median black longitudinal stripe on thorax .... condet. 6. Last two joints of hind tarsi white; hind tarsi in do simple..... PSO Sea yaa ee eee Ld mia hls SS 4 leucopous. Last two joints of hind tarsi not white; hind tarsi PUNE Mg 719 f= Bie SRP SS ca ee TALS ey A PPR li oidipodeios.
Summary of Synonymy. 1. EH. quinquevittatus, Theob.
quinquevittatus, Theob., 2. austentt, Theob.
2. H. condei, Ventrillon.
P preec. var.
3. E. inornatus, Newstead.
melanopous, Graham.
4. EH. grahami, sp. n.
? chrysogaster, Graham, var.
Or
E. chrysogaster, Graham. quinquevittatus, Theob., 3.
6. ZL. leucopous, Graham.
7. E. otdipodeios, Graham.
On new Species of Histeride. tT
Geographical Distribution of the Species.
E. quinquevittatus. — Sierra Leone; Ashanti (Obuasi) ; S. Nigeria (Oshogbo, Dr. T. F. G. Mayer; Ilesha, Capt. L. E. H. Humfrey).
E. condet.— Madagascar.
E. inornatus—Sierra Leone; Ashanti (Obuasi); S. Ni- geria (Ilesha, Capt. Humfrey ; Lagos, Dr. Connal) ; Congo Free State (Coquilhatville and Lusambo).
E. grahami.—Ashanti (Obuasi).
E. chrysogaster.—Sierra Leone; Ashanti (Obuasi and Akrokerri) ; Uganda (Kampala Swamp, Kasala, Mpumu, and Buanuka, Dr. A. D. Fraser).
EE. leucopous and E. ovdipodeois.—Ashanti (Obuasi).
XI.—On new Species of Histeridee and Notices of others. By G. Lewis, F.L.S.
Tus is the thirty-seventh paper on the Histeride ; the last was published in July 1910.
Linné (in 1735), Paykull (1811), Marseul (18538), and other writers have noticed varieties of many species, but they abstained from giving them varietal names. It is different now, and I think that if the present plan of pro- cedure is continued systematists will year by year be more and more discredited. Last year four names were added to those of Hister maculatus, L., bringing the number up to nineteen. The colour-varieties of H. maculatus are very numerous, and names founded on them might easily be brought up to thirty ; but would this be useful for a study of the species? The volume of the Catalogue would be enlarged, but would the enlargement be serviceable, and should the limit be 30? Saprinus varians, Sch., has but one name at present, but, as its name implies, it is very variable ; is it desirable to give it six or eight more names ? And this question may be asked of a large number of species. Gnathoncus rotundatus, Kug., has twenty names, and Saprinus nitidulus, F., sixteen.
Ina time that we may anticipate but shall not see, 100,000 more Coleoptera will probably be described, and these at a moderate computation will acquire 150,000 to 180,000 names. In the Munich Catalogue (1868) 803 species of Cicindelids
rs Mr. G. Lewis on
have 1378 names. In the Berlin Catalogue of last year for 2420 species of Histeridz there are 2940 names.
Mr. F. Muir has been several years (1907-1910) in Eastern Asia seeking for creatures that check the ravages of the sugar-cane weevil, Sphenophorus, and he discovered that Plesius javanus, Ev., fed, both in the larval and adult stages, on species of this genus, and that in Amboina and Ceram Platylister abruptus, Er., fed mostly on the larve of a Sphenophorus which infests the sago-palms. Mr. Muir consequently imported into the Hawaiian Islands the two Histerids, liberating at Honolulu about 50 specimens of the Plesius and 250 of the Platylister, in the hope that they may prey on the weevil which is injurious to the sugar-cane there. The Plesius has not been seen since its liberation, but the Platylister has been found twice. Sphenophorus occurs in Asia as far north as South Japan, and lately a species of Platylister has been found in Kiushiu and Formosa and another in South China. Neither of these districts has yet yielded the Plesius. It is not probable that the Histerids feed solely on these particular weevils, but the vegetation which attracts the one affords at the same time convenient shelter to the other when not actively engaged in seeking ‘for food.
As regards the Histeridz generally, no adequate collection of the species has yet been made, and their systematic classi- fication, as far as a satisfactory lineal arrangement of the genera can be effected, has not been reached.
List of Species.
Hololepta insignis, Sch. Hister accola.
Try panzeus torpedo, Lew. vadatus, Lew. leevipennis. euinensis, Payk. Coptotrophis trunculus. Spilodiscus penulatus, Trypeticus crassus, Sch. militaris, Zorn.
bifoveolatus, Lew. Dendrophilus championi, Lew.
Teretrius predator. Pachylomalus leo, Mars.
estivus, Lew. Paromalus javanus, Zedtb,
mogul, Tribalus cavernicola, Lew.
alfierii, Pre. Pelorurus fez, Lew. Platylister procerus. pumicatus, Platysoma viatorium. Microchetes costatus, Mael., 1871. Omalodes optatus. LEpiechinus tasmani, Lew., Campylorhabdus (Teinotarsus) 1899,
poggel, Har. Saprinus dives. Macrolister curvistrius. sequipunctatus, Horn,
latilabris. —— walkeri, Bickh,
robusticollis, Lew. Hypocaccus asticus, :
Hister paganus, Sch., 1889. eaxlegis, Lew., 1903.
~1 Or
new Species of Histeride.
Hololepta insignis, Sch.
Schmidt only knew the female of this species, of which the type is inthe Berlin Museum. The male has no carina on the mentum, the thoracic fossette is on the lateral border distant from the angle and similarly placed to that of sternalis, Lew., the anterior part of the prosternal keel is greatly widened out, and nearly the whole of this widened portion is excavated, the posterior margin alone remaining, and the tenuous anterior edge has a sinuous outline. The mandibles are very long aud widely depressed in the middle. In the Hololeptini a very important masculine character lies in the form of the menton, but a very conspicuous secondary character in some species is the presence or absence of a thoracic fossette or fovea occurring in varying positions in the anterior upper surface of the thorax. It is not a per- sistent character, as it does not exist in all the species, and in some it varies much in size according to the more or less development of the individuals. The fuinction of the fovez is not apparent.
Trypaneus torpedo, Lewis, 1885.
This species was discovered by Mr. Thomas Belt in Nicaragua, and at the same time specimens of Tesserocerus beltt, Sh., were found, and as both species are of similar girth, the first is probably predaceous on the second; both species are for their kind very large. The smallest species of Trypeticus known is a native of Sumatra and is scarcely larger than a fine thread, and it would be very interesting to discover the wood-borer whose passages are so minute.
Trypanaus levipennis, sp. n.
Cylindricus, robustus, niger, nitidus; fronte plana, rostro apice acute producto; pronoto antice punctato haud tuberculato ; elytris levibus; prosterno brevi triangulato, margine elevato; tibiis anticis 6-dentatis.
L. 63 mill.
3. Cylindrical, robust, black and shining ; the forehead flattened between the eyes, no ocular tubercle, surface some- what opaque, rostrum a little swollen laterally, with the apex acutely pointed and the tip a little raised; the thorax margined laterally and anterior area for about one-fifth of the length distinctly punctured, but without tubercles, the remaining surface is finely and sparsely punctulate ; the
76 , Mr. G. Lewis on
elytra are almost smooth, the few points being microscopic ; the propygidium and pygidium are rather densely punc- tured, the latter being very obtusely produced; the pro- sternum, keel is very short, triangular, with its margin, except at the base, elevated, inner surface smooth; the mesosternum and metasternum have a well-marked median channel and are impunctate; the anterior tibiz have six strong teeth, the intermediate have seven dentations, the two at the tarsal end being joined at their bases.
There is no similar species known to compare with this.
Hab. Cachabi to Paramba, N.E. Ecuador (W. F. 4. Rosenberg).
Coptotrophis trunculus, sp. nu.
Cylindricus, piceus, nitidus; ¢ fronte leviter impressa 1-tuber- culata, rostro apice obtuso reflexo, Q fronte circulari concava ; pronoto grosse punctato; elytris tenuissime puncticulatis ; py- gidio dense punctato ; prosterno marginato ; mesosterno utrinque sulcato; tibiis anticis 6-dentatis.
L, 2} mill.
Cylindrical, piceous, shining, elytra, legs, and antenne obscurely brown; © forehead lightly impressed with a small median tubercle, 9 with a circular concavity, surface microscopically strigose and sparingly punctured ; the thorax, anterior angles reddish, g slightly impressed anteriorly, ? more slightly, surface very distinctly punctate, some points large, others smaller, and there is a narrow median line almost impunctate ; the elytra are brown and very feebly punctured; the pygidium (in both sexes) is convex, densely and somewhat coarsely punctured; the prosternum is strongly margined laterally, but the strize only obscurely meet ante- riorly ; the mesosternum has a well-marked lateral sulcus ; the metasternum has a median channel which is wide ante- riorly and linear behind; the antenne, scape has a few long flavous hairs ; the anterior tibiz are 6-dentate.
The general facies of this small species closely resembles that of deyrollei, Mars., and proboscideus, F. Marseul says of deyrollei that the mesosternal stria is ‘‘ not interrupted ” ; but the three species given above are exactly alike in. this respect, and have only a lateral sulcus. The sterna are lightly and vaguely puncticulate. The relatively large size of the thoracic punctures serves to separate ¢runculus from the other two species.
Hab. Guatemala.
new Species of Histeride. 77
Trypeticus crassus, Sch., 1892. Trypeticus bifoveolatus, Lew., 1898.
Schmidt recorded that the male of this species was in my collection and came from Perak. The specimen referred to is in the British Museum and belonged to the late Mr. Fry’s collection. J think now that the deep fovez in the pygidium of bifoveolatus is not a specific character, as I have seen five examples without them, and my name therefore must fall into the synonymy.
Teretrius predator, sp. 0.
Cylindricus, niger, nitidus, sat dense punctatus; prosterno punctato, striis parallelis ; mesosterno sparse punctato ; propygidio pygidio- que modice dense punctatis ; pedibus brunneo-ferrugineis ; tibiis anticis intus ciliatis.
L. 34 mill.
Cylindrical, black and shining, evenly and somewhat densely punctured above ; the forehead convex ; the thorax, lateral stria simuous before the base, continuing, but fiuer, behind the head; the pygidium is convex, surface micro- scopically strigose and evenly punctured, punctures not very close; the prosternum rather closely punctured, punctures rather large and shallow; the mesosternum is markedly marginate, and with the metasternum and first abdominal segment (all similarly) sparsely and somewhat finely punc- tured ; the anterior tibize are 10—ll-dentate, with a few flavous hairs at the tarsal end on the inner edge, intermediate 7-8-, posterior 4—5-spinose.
This species is much less robust than pilimanus, Mars., but the surface punctuation is closely similar. Some examples have on the first abdominal segment a lineal arrangement of punctures which correspond to the striz that I have noticed in estivus.
Hab. Senegal and Central Africa. In the Paris Museum and my own collection.
Teretrius estivus, Lew. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 470 (1885).
In the Catalogue of 1905 I placed this name in error as a synonym of 7. punctulatus, Fabr. The prosternal striz are not, as I stated, divergent except at the anterior tips, and there is a marked specific character in a lateral longitudinal stria on the first abdominal segment.
78 Mr. G. Lewis on
Teretrius mogul, sp. n.
Cylindricus, robustus, niger, nitidus, undique parum dense punc- tatus, pedibus piceis ; pronoto stria marginali integra; prosterno basi profunde inciso, striis modice divergentibus; mesosterno stria transversa arcuata, tenul impressa; tibiis anticis 10—12- denticulatis.
L. 33-32 mill.
Cylindrical, robust, black and shining, antenne and legs piceous. Wholly punctured above, very similarly to kraatzz, which Marseul calls “‘ sat fortiter et dense punctatus.” The marginal stria of the thorax is complete behind the head ; the prosternum, the striz gradually diverge from the base to the apex, sometimes terminating at the suture, sometimes joining the marginal stria along the anterior rim (in one example this variation occurs on one side and not on the other) ; the mesosternum is prominently produced, but the marginal stria, beginning at the coxe, does not follow its contour, but is arched and fine, and leaves rather a wide anterior margin, all the sterna and the first abdominal segment are finely and sparingly punctulate. The anterior tibiz are 10—-12-denticulate, intermediate 7-8-, posterior 4—5-spinose.
The peculiar mesosternal stria is a remarkable character which distinguishes it from all the other species I know.
Hab. Lahore, associated with Teretriosoma intrusum, Mars.
(E. P. Stebbing).
Teretrius alfierii, Pic. Hchange, xxvi. p. 9 (1910).
“Targe et assez court, presque paralléle, subconvexe, brillant, roux & ponctuation sur le dessus du corps assez forte et écartée; tibias antérieurs trés aplatis, creusés et élargis, modérément denticulés, propygidium et pygidium non densément ponctués, Voisin de acacie Reitt., plus trapu et de coloration plus claire; moins allongé que pulex Fairm.”
L. 2 mill.
“ Hab. Egypt & Choubra.”
The form given by the author seems to indicate that this species belongs to the genus Teretriosoma, but the essential characters of this genus and Teretrius lie in the sterna, of
which the author says nothing.
new Species of Histeride. 79
Platylister procerus, sp. 0.
Oblongo-ovatus, subdepressus, niger, nitidus ; fronte concava, stria utrinque interrupta, mandibulis in medio impressis; pronoto stria laterali haud interrupta; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 et suturali brevibus lineis punctatis ; pygidio dense punctato, mar- gine postice levi haud elevato; mesosterno stria marginali obscure integra ; tibiis anticis 4-5-dentatis.
L. 83-9 mill.
Oblong-oval, rather depressed, black and shining ; fore- head concave, with the stria obsoletely interrupted on either side ; labrum transverse, with an arched outline, not emar- ginate ; mandibles rather broad and impressed in the middle ; the thorax, lateral stria well marked and continued behind head, scutellar fovea very small; the elytra, 1-3 dorsal strie complete, 4-5 and sutural fine, apical, punctiform or broken, the sutural is sometimes wanting; the propygidium transversely punctured, punctures irregular and not very close; the pygidium is evenly and rather closely punctate, with the posterior rim smooth but not elevated; the meso- sternum is emarginate, and behind the emargination the stria is fine but traceable as complete; the anterior tibiz are 4~5-dentate.
The dorsal strize of this species resemble those of cathayi and niponensis, Lew. It is the largest species of the genus known except mirabilis, Lew.
Hab. Kouy-Tcheou, province of Central China, east of Yunnan (Pére Cavelerie, 1908) (? Kwei chau of the ‘Times’ Atlas). Two examples in the Paris Museum and one in my collection.
Platysoma viatorium, sp. n.
Oblongo-ovatum, subdepressum, nigrum, nitidum; fronte punctu- lata tenuiter impressa, stria integra ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4-6 abbreviatis; pygidio basi grosse punctato, margine postice late levi; mesosterno parum late emarginato; tibiis anticis +- denticulatis.
L. 3; mill.
Oblong-oval, rather depressed, black and shining; the head finely punctulate, with more conspicuous punctures along the base, frontal stria complete, forehead and clypeus impressed ; the thorax finely punctulate laterally, the lateral stria continues anteriorly to behind the eye, where it is slightly disconnected from a straight crenulate stria behind
80 Mr. G. Lewis on
the head, and which is not so close to the margin; the elytra, dorsal striz 1-3 complete, 4 shortened before the base, 5 somewhat shorter, sutural almost dimidiate; the propygidium has irregular, shallow, subocellate punctures, chiefly on its sides ; the pygidium has large and deep punc- tures, closely set at the base and apically is margined with a rather wide and smooth, not elevated rim; the anterior tibiz are 4-denticulate.
The species in size is similar to P. vicinale, Lew., but the sculpture of the pygidium distinguishes it from the other known West-African species.
Hab. Angola.
Omalodes optatus, sp. n.
Ovatus, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte minute punctulata, in medio modice suleata; pronoto lateribus dense punctulato, stria marginali ad angulos valida ; elytris striis 1 integra, 2 basi abbreviata, apice punctis formata; propygidio utrinque grosse punctato; pygidio transverse punctato, basi et apice levi; pro- sterno haud striato; mesosterno utrinque marginato; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.
L. 10-11 mill.
The above is similar in outline to O. felix, Lew. ; it is not so oblong as O. mestino, Lew., but its size agrees with that Peruvian species. The fine punctuation of the head distin- guishes it from felix ; the scutellar puncture is very distinct ; the first dorsal stria is very fine on the apical half and has a few fine punctures, the second is more marked posteriorly but much shortened at the base, and close to the apical edge it consists of three or four points only ; the propygidium is almost impunctate on the middle of its disc and the smooth area widens out both before and behind; the pygidium, punctures extend across the disc, leaving the apex and the basal area smooth ; the anterior tibiez are 4-dentate.
Hab. Alto Parana, Argentina (Bertoni).
Campylorhabdus (Teinotarsus) poggei, Har., 1879. Harold’s diagnosis of this species is :—
*‘ Ater, subnitidus, thorace dense punctulato, ad latera striolato, elytris fortius et dense subrugose punctatis, stria humerali et dorsalibus septem extus carinatis, interioribus antice abbreviatis, stria suturali antice abbreviata ; prosterno antice lobato-producto, lobo medio emarginato, mesosterno margine antico subrotundato integro, non emarginato.”
L, 11:5 mill.
new Species of Histeride. 81
The oblique interstitial elytral stria is obliterated in pogget by the rugose sculpture, but it is traceable in singu- laris, Sch., and shows that the inner humeral stria is complete and similar to the stria of those species I have assigned to the genus Hxorhabdus. The outline of the mesosternum is formed the same in both genera, and they should be placed close together in the Catalogue. The outer humeral stria in pogget extends from the base, where it is carinate, to beyond the middle; in singularis it is wholly carinate but short, ceasing where in pogget it is no longer carinate.
Macrolister curvistrius, sp. n.
Ovatus, convexus, niger, nitidus; labro excavato, emarginato, stria frontali integra tenuiter impressa; pronoto stria interna haud interrupta; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 basi abbreviata apice conspicue sinuata, 5 et suturali obsoletis; propygidio punctu- lato, margine postice in medio levi; pygidio dense punctato ; prosterno haud striato; mesosterno stria marginali interrupta ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.
L. 12-13 mill.
This species is very similar to latipes, Palis. Beauy., but the labrum is rather less wide, the inner thoracic stria is complete, not interrupted behind the head, and the outer stria quite reaches the base, the elytral fourth stria is not punctiform, but shortened by about one-third at the base, and posteriorly it is markedly sinuous, the propygidium is much more clearly punctured, with a median smooth space on the posterior border; the sterna are similar to those of latipes. The thoracic stria being complete is of importance, as the other known species placed in the first section of the genus (in which the mesosternal stria is interrupted) have this stria interrupted. In one specimen I have seen the labrum is impressed, not excavated, and in others the short apical dorsal strize are punctiform.
Hab. Belgian Congo. Examples in the Musée du Congo Belge and my own cabinet.
Macrolister latilabris, sp. n.
Ovatus, convexiusculus, niger, nitidus; fronte stria integra, labro lato modice inciso; pronoto fulvo ciliato, striis lateralibus pone oculos interruptis ; elytris striis 1-3 integris, 4 abbreviata, 5 brevi punctiformi; pygidio vix dense punctulato; mesosterno stria marginali late interrupta; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.
L. 14 mill,
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. viii. 6
82 Mr. G. Lewis oz
This species has little to separate it from Hister major, L., except its size, greater breadth, and less convexity, and the labrum (a very important character) is narrower and one- third wider. I have a specimen which is apparently the same species as the above; it is labelled “medius Sturm Ind. or.” This is a catalogue name which appears in the Munich Catalogue under Hister bengalensis, Wiedem. My specimen probably belonged to Sturm, and if so, the locality given by him is almost certainly an error.
Hab. Senegal. Four examples.
Macrolister robusticollis, Lew.
I have one example of this species from Johannesburg which measures 12 mm., but most of my specimens approxi- mately measure 9 mm., the size of the type example.
Hister exlegis, Lew., 1903. = paganus, Sch. 1889, n. syn.
Formerly I considered that Schmidt’s description did not apply to my species, because he stated that in paganus the inner subhumeral stria was complete, but the stria terminates in the middle, the oblique basal stria is very distinct but it does not join it. In the species I have assigned to the genus Heorhabdus the inner subhumeral stria is complete and similar to the first dorsal stria, and the oblique stria is faint, but it is traceable in the interstice between the first dorsal and the subhumeral strix; it is not wholly obliterated. Schmidt made a similar statement regarding Hister aschanti, the subhumeral just passes beyond the middle only, the stria at the base is the oblique stria and is extremely fine, and although it joins the subhumeral it is very distinct.
Hister accola, sp. n.
Breviter ovatus, parum conyexus, Niger, nitidus; fronte stria antice recta; pronoto stria interna integra, externa ultra medium abbreviata; elytris striis subhumerali interna ante medium abbreviata, dorsalibus profundis, crenulatis, 1-4 integris, 5 apicali, suturali basi abbreviata; propygidio pygidiogue vix dense punctatis; mesosterno fere recto, marginato; pedibus piceis ; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.
This species belongs to the series of African species which have a short outer thoracic stria and a bowed gutural stria
new Species of Histeridee. 83
more or less complete. As such it is similar to H. torridus, Mars., but it differs by the dorsal striz being deeper and crenulate, by the pygidia being evenly and almost densely punctured (the pygidium having a grade of punctures slightly smaller), and by the mesosternal edge being almost straight and only very feebly sinuous.
Hab. Belgian Congo. In the Museum of the Belgian Congo and in my own collection.
Hister vadatus, Lewis, 1908.
Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte stria antice recta; pronoto bistriato ; elytris striis 1—4 integris, 5 obsoleta, suturali utrinque abbreviata ; propygidio pygidioque punctatis; mesosterno stria marginali in medio interrupta; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis, apicali dente immani.
L. 7 mill.
Oval, convex, black and shining; the head, frontal stria complete, straight anteriorly and rounded off on either side ; the thorax, marginal stria very fine, two lateral well-marked and parallel to each other, the outer stria terminates behind the eye, inner continued behind the head; the elytra, humeral stria wanting, dorsal 1-4 complete, 5 indicated by a few apical points, sutural abbreviated at both ends, the ends turn away from the suture; the pygidia are clearly not closely punctured with microscopical points in the inter- spaces; the prosternum, lobe marginate and impunctate; the mesosternum is feebly sinuous anteriorly and the marginal stria is interrupted in the middle; the anterior tibize 3-dentate, apical tooth very large.
The above is similar to H. obesus, Fahr., and others by the thorax being bistriate laterally and the terminal tooth of the anterior tibia being very large.
Hab. Meru: at the river Ngare na nyuki, 22nd Nov., 1905.
Hister guinensis, Payk. Mon. 1811.
In reference to my note, Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. vi. p. 54 (1910), Prof. Sjostedt informs me that there is no specimen to represent Paykull’s species in the Stockholm Museum ; the name is there, but no pin-hole near it. I think therefore my sternal characters may be taken as belonging to guinensis. This year is the centenary of the publication of Paykull’s Monograph, the first on the family and treating of 93 species.
G*
84 Mr. G. Lewis on
Spilodiscus penulatus, sp. u.
Ovalis, convexus, niger, nitidus ; fronte stria integra antice sinuata ; pronoto striis 2 lateralibus integris haud parallelis; elytris maculis flavo-rubris, arcuatis, striis 1-3 integris, 4-5 apicalibus, suturali basi abbreviata; mesosterno valde emarginato, stria marginali integra.
L. 3 mill.
Oval, convex, black and shining, frontal stria well marked and sinuous anteriorly ; the thorax with two lateral striz, strong and widest apart behind the anterior angle, inner stria continued behind the head and is sinueus behind the eyes, marginal stria fine and not continued behind the neck ; the elytra, humeral striz wanting, except the short oblique stria, dorsal 1-8 complete, 4-5 short and apical, 4 with basal appendage, sutural shortened about one-fourth from the base, the red marking is arcuate in outline and very similar to that figured for patagiatus, Lew. Biol. Centr.-Am., Col. vol. 11. pt. 1, tab. v. fig. 18, except that the interstice between the first and second striz is only red for a short space before the base; the pygidia are evenly but not quite densely punc- tured; the mesosternum is deeply emarginate and the striz well-marked and complete; the anterior tibiz are dilated.
Hab. Nogales, St. Crus Co., Arizona (F. W. Nunen- mascher).
Spilodiscus militaris, Horn, 1870.
I have five specimens of this species; one of them is entirely black.
Dendrophilus championi, Lewis, 1886.
Bickhardt considers the above to be a variety of punctatus, Herbst—that is, that it is not specifically distinct. I think that the form of the dorsal striz and the structure of the sternal plates are sufficient to class it as a species dis- tinctively different. There is no question of the existence of the differences, but Bickhardt doubts their specific validity. I have only three examples, but I have seen others and there are two specimens in the British Museum.
Bickhardt has similar ideas regarding genera; in his Catalogue he sinks 47 genera, calling them subgenera. I think the name of a genus unused should be placed in the synonymy. The late Mr. A. Matthews (Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. p. 443, June 1892) says: “ genera are at the best mere
new Species of Histeridee. 85
arbitrary divisions, depending on the peculiar ideas of indi- vidual authors.” So here, again, Herr Bickhardt and I may each retain our own.
In the Berlin Catalogue Xenonychus, Woll., is set aside for Styphrus, which, I think, has no status at all; but Mero- hister, Reitter, is admitted as a ‘‘ subgenus,” although the name of Pacfolinus has a similar relation to it that Styphrus has to Xenonychus.
Bickhardt also considers Saprinus immundus, Gyl.= eneus, F.; Reitter in the ‘ Fauna Germanica,’ 1910, correctly separates them.
Pachylomalus leo, Mars.
The type of this species is in the Genoa Museum and is apparently a male, because Marseul tells us that the first segment of the abdomen is elevated in the middle of the posterior border, and this is a masculine character. Had he been describing the male of tuberosus, Lew., he could not have overlooked the conspicuous tubercles on the pro- pygidium ; he simply says that it is smooth and a little convex. P. tuberosus in the Berlin Catalogue stands as a synonym of victor, Mars., a species which is smaller and has no marginal stria on the mesosternum. ‘The three species named come from Java, Sumatra, and Borneo respectively. I have also a species very similar in size to tuberosus from Sumatra, in which the prosternal striz distinctly meet at both ends and there are no lateral striz on the mesosternum ; the specimen is a female.
Paromalus javanus, Redtenbacher, Reis. Novar., Zool. p. 33 (1867)
“‘ Oblongo-ovatus, subconvexus, subtilissime vage punctulatus, niger, nitidus; antennis ferrugineis; thorace stria marginali antice integra ; elytris striis nullis ; prosterno bistriato ; mesosterno stria
bisinuata, “Tong. 2’, latit. 41°.”
The species is said to be larger and shorter than P. com- planatus, Panz., and I think that it is a Paromalus. Dr. Redtenbacher’s measurements are incorrect, and my reading of the diagnosis is that the mesosternal stria is complete (being described as bisinuous), and the species cannot therefore be referred to Paromalus schultheisst, Sch., a very common Javan species, and which has the mesosternal stria widely interrupted.
86 Mr. G. Lewis on
Tribalus cavernicola, Lewis, 1908.
Ovalis, supra subdepressus, subsneus, nitidus; fronte concava ’ p p : ’ > mic rk. supra oculos elevata, fere levis; pronoto. basi transversim im- presso ; elytris striis obsoletis ; prosterno striis utrinque diver-
gentibus; antennis pedibusque obscure brunneis. L. 3 mill.
Oval, somewhat depressed above, brassy, shining; the head, concave anteriorly with lateral margins elevated, surface almost impunctate; the thorax is evenly, finely, and rather closely punctulate, marginal stria complete, along the middle of the basal edge there is a narrow transverse rugose impression ; the elytra, dorsal striz short, oblique, and ill-defined, disc and the pygidia are almost smooth ; the prosternum, lobe marginate, clearly punctured and micro- scopically strigose, striz divergent before and behind, keel lightly sculptured ; the mesosternum, marginal stria very fine and interrupted in the middle, evenly, sparingly, and very minutely punctulate, transverse stria well-marked with sixteen crenellations; the antenne pale brown, legs obscurely brownish.
Similar in form and colour to T. capensis, Payk., but the surface sculpture of Paykull’s species is densely punctulate.
Hab. Usambara; Tanga, in the Mkulumusi caves.
Pelorurus fee, Lewis, 1906.
Breviter ovalis, nigro-cupreus, nitidus; elytris viridi-ceruleis; fronte obscure punctulata, antice impressa ; pronoto lateribus punctato ; elytris striis profundis, 1-3 geminatis integris, 4 suturalique integris simplicibus ; prosterno striis lateribus interruptis et inter coxas minute foveolato; tibiis anticis denticulatis.
L. 43-43 mill.
Shortly oval, almost black beneath, thorax coppery, elytra greenish blue; the head impressed behind the clypeus, surface finely punctulate with a lateral stria; the thorax, marginal stria complete, punctured laterally, basal edge punctured, especially opposite the second, third, and fourth strie; the elytra, striae deep and strong and somewhat punctate, 1-3 complete and double, 4 complete but single, also the sutural, in one example of three there is a short apical obligue fifth stria; the propygidium is finely and on the dise and base very sparingly punctured; the pygidium is compressed, except at the base, which is impunctate and like that of P. cregoci, Lew., is on the same plane as the propygidium ; the prosternum, the striz are broken at the
new Species of Histeride. 87
cox, near which, on either side, is a small but distinct puncture or fovea; the mesosternum is marginate and bi- sinuous,
Resembles P. formosus, Sch., and cregoei, Lew., but it differs by the fine punctuation of the head, deeper dorsal striz (which have no specially wide interstice), and by the interrupted prosternal striz and fovea. P. formosus and cregoet have the head more distinctly punctured. and the sternal striz are similar in both species.
' Hab. Bolama, Portuguese Guinea.
Pelorurus pumicatus, sp. 0.
Breviter ovalis, supra depressus, nigro-cupreus; elytris obscure viridi-ceruleis; fronte tenuiter impressa, leviter punctulata ; pronoto lateribus sat fortiter punctato; elytris striis 1-2 gemi- natis integris, 3-4 posticis geminatis, 5 apicali, suturali integra haud geminata ; tibiis anticis denticulatis.
L. 53 mill.
Shortly oval, somewhat depressed above, thorax coppery, elytra somewhat obscurely greenish blue; the head lightly impressed behind the clypeus, surface very lightly and finely punctulate; the thorax somewhat coarsely punctured laterally, with a line of irregular points at the base before the scutel- lum; the elytra, inner subhumeral stria is broken or punctiform, and shortened at the base, 1-2 dorsal complete and geminate, 3 geminate only in the posterior half, 4 double, but apical only, 5 is single, short, and apical, with basal puncture as an appendage, sutural single, very slightly shortened at the base and approaches the suture posteriorly ; the propygidium is clearly, evenly, and rather densely punctate ; the pygidium has a few irregular fine points ; the prosternum, the striz are fine and not very clearly impressed and the marginal stria of the mesosternum is similar ; anterior tibiz denticulate.
The very fine punctulation on the head, the thoracic line of punctures before the scutellum, and the form of the elytral striz distinguish this species from its congeners.
Hab. Harrar, Abyssinia.
Microchetes costatus, Macleay, 1871.
Lea states that the above, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 145, 1907, is identical with Kpiechinus tasmani, Lew., 1899. Macleay confused the Histerid with the Byrrhidz, describing one as a Limnichus and the above as a Microchetes. Macleay’s specific name has precedence to mine.
88: «Myr. G. Lewis on
Saprinus dives, sp. n.
Ovatus, convexiusculus, eneus, nitidus, elytris violaceis; fronte dense punctata, stria antice interrupta ; pronoto antice utrinque impresso; elytris striis 4 et suturali connexis; prosterno striis antice divergentibus arcuatim junctis; mesosterno grosse punc- tato; metasterno in medio late impresso; tibiis anticis 7-8- denticulatis.
L. 5-6 mill.
Oval, somewhat oblong, thorax brassy, elytra violet or purple, pygidia bluish; the head densely punctured, stria widely interrupted anteriorly, with a small but distinct fovea on the vertex; the thorax narrowly punctured along its base and widely along the sides and behind the head, behind the eyes there is a well-marked impression ; the elytra, striz inner subhumeral dimidiate, being shortened at either end, 1 dorsal reaches the middle, 2,3, 4 are a little longer, the last joining the sutural which is complete, the interstice between the first and second striz is strigose and there are strigosities on the outside of the first, the dorsal punctuation is very clear and somewhat coarse, and from the apex extends over about two-thirds of the elytra; the pygidia are densely punctured; the prosternum, keel with a few scattered punctures and a marginal stria, which turns outwards close to the base, but does not quite reach the edge, anteriorly the strie widen out and markedly join behind the anterior edge, enclosing a lobe-shaped area, near the middle of this space the striz join a strong curved lateral carina; the mesosternum is wholly and coarsely punctate and the marginal stria is fine and very minutely irregular; the metasternum is widely impressed in its median area, and the punctures are smaller and arranged chiefly along the base and at the anterior angles. Whether the metasternum is impressed in both sexes I cannot say. The prosternal striz and lateral carinz are framed on the same plan as those of S. dussaulti, Mars. The colours of this species are very attractive.
Hab. Pingshiang, South China (Dr. Kreyenberg). One specimen in the Deutsches Ent. National Museum of Berlin, and one in my own collection.
Saprinus equipunctatus, Horn, 1870.
Horn describes this species (Synopsis, p. 183, 1873) as having the upper portion of the pygidium “ vertical and the apical part horizontal ”’; but it is the basal or upper portion
new Species of Histeride. 89
which is horizontal and the posterior part has an oblique outline when viewed sideways. In the Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. p- 140 (1870) Horn states that the pygidium of equipunctatus is “very convex.”’ Perhaps the sexes differ; I have only seen the male. The form of the pygidium somewhat resembles that of Teretriosoma chalybeum, Horn, a species not rare in Texas. Near the posterior edge in the Saprinus are two somewhat wide, shallow, transverse depressions in the male.
Saprinus walkeri, Bickhardt, Ent. Bl. p. 186 (1910).
No species has been described under this name, but the name refers to a specimen that Walker had in 1871 (see Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 468, 1885), but which has long since perished. I am indebted to Mr. G. J. Arrow for the following memorandum from the archives of the Natural History Museum regarding the destruction of Mr. J. K. Lord’s collection, and I think that it is well to publish it :—
“ Dr. Keatinge, Director of the School of Medicine, Cairo, wrote to me [G. J. Arrow] :—Dr. Innes (ex-Director) in- forms me that when he was first appointed to this School, more than 20 years ago, he found that, owing to neglect, nothing remained of Lord’s collection except the labels, the insects having all been eaten.”
The Recorder of the ‘ Zoological Record’ of 1871 says that *¢ Walker gives a catalogue of 173 species taken by Mr. Lord, followed by brief and insufficient English diagnoses of 2 new genera and 50 new species.” The specimens now are non-existent. The name of S. wal/keri in the Berlin Catalogue of 1910 therefore shows that a name in a catalogue does not necessarily represent any known species.
Hypocaccus asticus, sp. n.
Ovalis, convexus, eneus vel rufo-piceus, nitidus, antennis pedibus- que rufis ; fronte strigosa ; pronoto dense punctato, disco postice levi; elytris dimidia parte postica tenuiter punctulatis, stria suturali integra, antice arcuatim juncta, dorsalibus 2—4 dimidiatis, 1 subintegra postice sinuata; pygidio tenuissime punctulato ; prosterno basi lato, striis postice abbreviatis; mesosterno levi, stria transversa nulla; tibiis anticis 4-dentatis.
L. 2 mill.
This species is very similar to rufipes, Payk., but the out- line of the body is broader and more convex, the elytral punctuation is finer and less dense, also the points on the pygidia; the prosternum is wide at the base, one-third wider than that of rufipes, the strie are shortened at the
90 Mr. W. Schaus on
base behind the cox, but are otherwise like those of rujipes ; the mesosternum has a few microscopic punctures, no stria divides it from the metasternum, but the suture is indicated by 8 or 10 small points. H. rujipes, Payk., has the meso- sternum clearly punctate and a strong crenulate stria at the metasternal suture, and the prosternal striz almost reach the base.
Hab. Japan. I found it on the sand-dunes at Enoshima in May 1880.
X1L.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—IX. By W. Scuaus, F.Z.8.
I AM greatly indebted to Sir George F. Hampson, Bart., for the descriptions of new genera appearing in this paper.
Noctuide.
Euxoa cartagensis, sp. n.
3. Palpi black, irrorated with brown; head, collar, and thorax brown, tinged with violaceous, the collar with a fuscous transverse line. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings buff-brown; the lines brown-black; basal and sub- basal geminate dentate lines to below celi; antemedial gemi- nate, interrupted, outwardly oblique from median to sub- median, outangled below submedian; a darker annular spot coalesces with line below cell ; cell filled in with dark brown from antemedial to reniform, interrupted by the large round orbicular close to subcostal; reniform large, outlined in buff and filled in with dark brown and fuscous-grey scales ; post- medial fine, lunular, the points projecting on veins ; the sub- terminal fine, preceded by a dark brown shade on costa, and dark dashes between veins from 6 to fold, followed by a fine buff line and fuscous-grey terminal shadings except at apex. Hind wings whitish at base; veins and outer half fuscous brown.
Expanse 38 mm.
Hab, Cartago, Juan Vinas.
Episilia cirphiotdes, sp. n.
&. Palpi dark brown, tipped with whitish buff. Head and thorax whitish buff; collar olive-grey in front, separated
Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 91
from the whitish buff behind by a fuscous line. Abdomen above dark grey, the anal segment whitish buff. Fore wings whitish buff, with a few scattered black and brown scales; a fuscous line at base below cell; the median and vein 4 to outer spots finely dark olive-brown; a small cluster of dark brown scales antemedially on costa and another below cell ; orbicular a minute dark point ; reniform round, fuscous grey ; an outer row of dark brown points on veins; terminal black points largest towards apex ; the termen shaded with brown ; a dark streak postmedially between 3 and 4, and a brownish shade above it obliquely to below apex ; a fuscous shade on costa above orbicular and one above reniform. Hind wings white ; the costal margin and apex shaded with fnscous grey. Fore wings below shaded with fuscous through and beyond cell; the median and veins postmedially streaked with fuscous; a black discal spot; a postmedial black line on costa.
Expanse 32 mm.
fab. Juan Vinas.
Near Episilia rufisigna, Hmpsn.
Episilia nezia, sp. n.
3. Palpi brown below, whitish buff above ; frons, collar, and thorax whitish buff; vertex buff-brown ; a velvety black transverse line on collar ; abdomen dark grey, the anal hairs ochreous brown. Fore wings brownish buff; a black line below cell from base to below orbicular ; orbicular and reni- form small, slightly paler; a black streak in cell from close before orbicular to reniform; terminal dark points between the veins. Hind wings thinly scaled, white; a terminal brownish-buff line.
Expanse 35 mm.
Hab. Volcano Turrialba.
Belongs to Section II.
Nephelistis noctivaga, sp. n.
S. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and dorsal basal tuft on abdomen violaceous brown; abdomen dull fuscous brown, with subdorsal buff hairs at base. Fore wings violaceous brown, shaded with bronze medially between cell and sub- median ; lines dark brown, the basal and postmedial out- wardly edged with light brown, the antemedial inwardly so edged ; the basal line indistinct ; the antemedial oblique on costa, inbent along subcostal, straight to submedian, slightly
92